TABLE OF CONTENTS IX 



PAGE 



60. International Log Rule for \" Kerf, Judson F. Clark, 1917 64 



61. British Columbia Log Rule, 1902 64 



62. Other Formula Rules, Approximately Accurate Both in Principles and 



Quantities 65 



63. Tiemann Log Rule, H. D. Tiemann, 1910 67 



64. Formula Rules Inaccurately Constructed. Baxter Log Rule 67 



66. Doyle Log Rule 68 



66. Effect of Errors in Doyle Rule upon Scaling and Over-run 70 



67. The Construction of Log Rules Based on Diagrams 72 



68. Scribner Log Rule, 1846 73 



69. Spaulding Log Rule, 1868 75 



70. Maine or Holland Rule, 1856 76 



71. Canadian Log Rules 76 



72. Hybrid Log Rules 76 



73. General Formulae for all Log Rules 77 



74. The Construction of Log Rules from Mill Tallies. Graded Log Rules 78 



76. The Massachusetts Log Rule for Round-edged Lumber 79 



76. Conversion of Values of a Standard Rule to Apply to Different Widths of 



Saw Kerf and Thicknesses of Lumber 



77. Limitations to Conversion of Board-foot Log Rules 83 



78. Choice of a Board-foot Log Rule for a Universal Standard 84 



79. Unused and Obsolete Log Rules '. 85 



CHAPTER VII 

 LOG SCALING FOR BOARD MEASURE 



80. The Log Scale 88 



81. The Cylinder as the Standard of Scaling 90 



82. Deductions from Sound Scale, versus Over-run 90 



83. Scaling Practice Based on Measurement of Diameter at Small End of Log 91 



84. Scaling Practice Based on Measurement of Diameter at Middle of Log, or 



Caliper Scale 97 



85. Scale Records 98 



86. The Determination of What Constitutes a Merchantable Log 99 



87. Grades of Lumber and Log Grades 103 



CHAPTER VIII 

 THE SCALING OF DEFECTIVE LOGS 



88. Deductions from Scale for Unsound Defects 105 



89. Methods of Making Deductions 105 



90. Effect of Minimum Dimensions of Merchantable Boards upon these Deduc- 



tions 107 



91. Interior Defects 108 



92. Exterior Defects 113 



93. Crook or Sweep ' 116 



94. Check Scaling 117 



96. Scaling from the Stump 118 



96. The Scaler 119 



