TIMBER APPRAISAL 269 



2. A statement of amount and character of damage present due 

 to rot and other defects such as shake, fire damage to standing timber, 

 the presence of insect damage, windfall. 



3. The quality and sizes of the timber under the items; average 

 diameters, average merchantable length in logs, form of bole as to 

 straightness, taper and clearness and finally the grades present, classi- 

 fied either as log grades or as grades of lumber. 



The third class of data is that needed for permanent forest manage- 

 ment for the production of timber by growth. These data are fre- 

 quently omitted or overlooked in a timber survey, first, by old cruisers 

 who have not been trained to collect them; second, by foresters who 

 have failed to formulate a definite plan for their proper collection in 

 anticipation of the need for its use. These data fall under: 



1. Age classes in the merchantable timber, either by area (maps), 

 or by size or diameter (stand tables of diameter classes), or both. 



2. Age classes in immature timber either by areas as mapped, by 

 per cent of area occupied or by tree counts; the ages and sizes of these 

 age classes, their condition, thrift and the chances of survival. 



In addition, a forest survey may include data on all other resources 

 of the forest such as forage for grazing, while under timber it should 

 determine the areas included within different site classes (§227). 

 Forest surveys include all data of every kind necessary for the making 

 of a working plan for the management of the area for permanent forest 

 production. 



215. Timber Appraisal as Distinguished from Forest Survey. The 

 forest survey as described above is the preliminary step in the appraisal 

 of the value of timber stumpage. This appraisal constitutes a separate 

 operation, although the survey and the appraisal are so closely bound 

 together that they are frequently performed by the same man. They 

 must not be confused, however, for a timber appraisal is not a part of 

 Forest Mensuration, but belongs under the separate subject, Forest 

 Valuation (§5). It may begin where the timber survey leaves off, 

 using the data acquired by this survey. Separate parties may conduct 

 the timber survey and the timber appraisal with satisfactory results. 



A timber appraisal covers the following points: 



1. Logging conditions summarized for each logging unit, under 

 topogvaphy, slopes, surface, rock, brush and character of bottom as 

 affecting logging. Transportation possibilities, availability of streams 

 for log driving, routes for roads, flume or railroads, methods best adapted 

 for skidding and hauling the timber and the costs of these processes. 



2. Costs of forestry such as the per cent of the stand to leave for 

 seed or second cut. the cost of brush disposal and other protective 

 measures. 



