TYING IN THE STRIPS. THE BASE LINE 281 



Explanation of Blank, by Supervisor J. H.Fahrenbach. 



All saw timber is tallied by the number of 16-foot logs in each tree. If a tree 

 happens to have odd lengths " we give and take." 



Under chestnut all trees to be removed for extract wood are tallied in the " " 

 column. All trees to be left are tallied in the one-log column, even though they 

 are not large enough to make one 16-foot log as is the case in trees under 10 inches 

 D.B.H. Street railway ties (6 by 6 inches by 8 feet) are tallied in trees which 

 have reached their maximum value for hewn ties. Standard gage ties are usually 

 sawed in saw timber operations, and are tallied as saw timber. Poles are tallied 

 by diameter class. In this way we are able to approximate the number of 25-foot, 

 30-foot, 35-foot, etc., poles. 



Chestnut oak and hemlock trees, suitable for bark alone, are tallied in the " " 

 column. In figuring the estimate for bark the number of trees tallied as saw timber 

 must also be included. It sometimes happens that we also have a market for black 

 oak bark, and in this event a " " column must be entered under mixed oak. 



Poplar and scrub pine pulp wood are entered in the "0 " column. 



We class black, scarlet, pin and Spanish oak under mixed oak. If a " " column 

 is added, it is understood that black-oak bark is to be entered. Under mixed-oak 

 ties red-oak ties are included. 



Pitch, short-leaf and table-mountain pine are tallied under yellow pine. 



If there is a market for locust-tree nails they are tallied in the one- and two-log 

 columns for the larger locust trees and the smaller trees are tallied as posts, using 

 as a basis a post 4 inches in diameter and 7 \ feet long. 



Under others are tallied beech, birch, gum, maple, sourwood and sycamore. 



If there should be other valuable species for which provision has not been made 

 in the headings the diameter and number of logs in each tree are given at the bottom 

 of the Form. This includes walnut, ash and wild cherry. 



If there is a market for fuel wood, provision must be made for a " " column for 

 all those species which cannot be utilized for either bark, pulp or extract wood. 

 All the oaks can be thrown together in one heading, the pine in one heading and the 

 remainder of the species, except hickory, in another heading. 



222. Tying in the Strips. The Base Line. In laying out and 

 recording the strips run in estimating, independent of the question 

 of topographic mapping, it is necessary to tie in each strip to a known 

 point at each end, so that its position and the error incurred in running 

 it in both distance and direction may be determined. For this 

 purpose^ and also to form the basis of a map when one is constructed, 

 a base line is first surveyed along the route from which the strip will 

 be later laid out. The strip, whether rectangular or irregular areas 

 are being estimated, will start as nearly at right angles as possible from 

 points on this base line, and will either be tied in to a second base line 

 approximately parallel to the first, or by offsets will be run back at the 

 proper interval and tied in to the original base line. 



In laying out this base line, therefore, stations or measurements 

 are established at the exact points and intervals from which these strips 

 must later be initiated and tied in. Methods of survey and establish- 

 ment of base lines fall under the subject of Forest Surveying. The 



