458 APPENDIX A 



pitch streak, 5 per cent of sap stain, or firm red heart; wane not to exceed 1 inch in 

 width, i-inch in depth and § the length of the piece; small seasoning checks. 



11-inch and wider " B " Finishing will admit three of the above defects or their 

 equivalent, but sap stain or firm red heart shall not exceed 10 per cent. 



Select Common Finishing, up to and including 10-inch in width will admit, in 

 addition to the equivalent of one split in end which should not exceed in length the 

 width of the piece, any two of the following, or their equivalent of combined defects: 

 25 per cent of sap stain, 25 per cent firm red heart, two standard pitch streaks, 

 medium torn grain in three places, slight shake, seasoning checks that do not show 

 an opening through, two standard pitch pockets, six small pitch pockets, two stand- 

 ard knots, six pin knots, wane 1 inch in width, f inch in depth and one-third the 

 length of the piece. Defective dressing or slight skips in dressing will also be allowed 

 that do not prevent its use as finish without waste. 



11 and 12-inch " C " Finishing will admit one additional defector its equivalent. 

 Pieces wider than 12 inches will admit two additional defects to those admitted in 

 10-inch or their equivalent, except sap stain, which shall not be increased. 



Pieces otherwise as good as " B " will admit of twenty pin-worm holes. 



Common Grades. No. 1 Common boards, dressed one or two sides, will admit 

 any number of sound knots. The mean or average diameter of any one knot should 

 not be more than 2 inches in stock 8 inches wide, nor more than 2% inches in stock 

 10 and 12 inches wide; two pith knots; the equivalent of one split, not to exceed in 

 length the width of the piece; torn grain, pitch, pitch pockets, slight shake, sap stain, 

 seasoning checks, firm redheart; wane \ inch deep on the edge not exceeding 1 inch 

 in width and one-third the length of the piece, or its equivalent; and a limited num- 

 ber of pin-worm holes well scattered; or defects equivalent to the above. 



No. 2 Common boards, dressed one or two sides; No. 2 Shiplap, Grooved Roof- 

 ing, D. & M. and Barn Siding will admit knots not necessarily sound; but the mean 

 or average diameter of any one knot shall not be more than one-third of the cross 

 section if located on the edge, and shall not be more than one-half of the cross section 

 if located away from the edge; if sound may extend one-half the cross section if 

 located on the edge, except that no knot, the moan or average diameter of which 

 exceeds 4 inches should be admitted; worm holes, splits one-fourth the length of 

 the piece, wane 2 inches wide or through heart shakes, one-half the length of the 

 piece; through rotten streaks \ inch wide one-fourth the length of the piece, or its 

 equivalent of unsound red heart; or defects equivalent to the above. 



A knot hole 2 inches in diameter will be admitted, provided the piece is otherwise 

 as good as No. 1 Common. 



Miscut 1-inch common boards which do not fall below f-inch in thickness shall 

 be admitted in No. 2 Common, provided the grade of such thin stock is otherwise 

 as good as No. 1 Common. 



No. 3 Common boards, No. 3 Common Shiplap, D. & M. and Barn Siding is defect- 

 ive lumber, and will admit of coarse knots, knot holes, very wormy pieces, red rot, 

 and other defects that will not prevent its use as a whole for cheap sheathing, or 

 which will cut 75 per cent of lumber as good as No. 2 Common. 



358. Relation between Grades of Lumber and Cull in Log Scaling. From the 

 standpoint of the lumber trade, lumber which is merchantable, no matter what the 

 extent and character of defects it contains, is placed in a recognized grade, while 

 cull lumber is lumber which is not merchantable. Grades of common lumber below 

 No. 3 are sawed from unsound or defective portions of logs, which would be culled 

 in scaling. In mill-scale studies and in determining log grades, it is proper there- 

 fore, to throw all grades under No. 3 Common into the group termed cull. In addi- 



