proclivities, that is, it lives in societies or colonies in which 

 there is differentiation in form and structure among the indi- 

 viduals (we distinguish queens, drones and workers), and 

 among these so-called castes there is a division of labor. A 

 somewhat similar development has taken place in certain 

 wasps, like the yellow jackets, bees, like the bumblebees, and 

 in ants, whose crowded nests are familiar to almost everyone. 

 The biology of the bee is somewhat as follows: A colony 

 consists of forty to eighty thousand individuals. Most of 

 these are workers; there is usually only one queen, and at 

 certain times there is a smaller or larger number of drones. 

 The combs comprising the nest are pendant double sheets of 

 hexagonal prismatic cells arranged with the long axis nearly 

 horizontal, opening outwardly and with the angular bases 

 interplaced and forming a common septum. The size of the 

 cells varies from one-fifth to one-fourth of an inch across the 

 face and from seven-sixteenths to five-eighths of an inch in 

 depth, although the extreme sizes merge into one another with 

 almost imperceptible gradation. The smaller ones are known 

 as worker cells because worker bees, when raised, are always 

 developed in them, and the larger ones are called drone cells 

 for similar reasons, but when not used for brood, both kinds 

 are used for housing stores. There is also another kind of 

 cell usually found at the bottom, sometimes on the sides of 

 the comb, larger than the ordinary cell, built perpendicular 

 and from without much the shape of 

 a peanut. These are actually ampli- 

 fied worker cells, which are built es- 

 pecially for the development of 

 queens. 



The Cjueen and the drones in the 

 bee colony represent the sexually ma- 

 ture forms developed by most insect 

 species for the propagation of their 

 kind, while the workers are a develop- 

 ment of the social habit, and in the 

 division of function which has fol- 

 lowed the adoption of a social exist- 

 ence the labor of providing for the 

 upkeep of the purely physical neces- 

 sities of the colony falls upon her. 

 She feeds the brood, constructs the 

 comb, elaborates the wax out of which 

 it is built, cleans the hive, attends the 

 [(ueen, repels enemies, and gathers the ,n'^- ?■. ^"^"^"^ <^'="''- 



' S ^ "'^ (Copied from Phillips.) 



