THE REINDEER. 73 



from which Torfseus derived his account, and has 

 shown that the animals hunted by the jarls of 

 Orkney were in reality not the Koe, but the Red- 

 deer, and the Reindeer, living at the same time in 

 that part of Scotland. The original passage runs 

 thus : " Thar var sithr Jarla naer hvert sumar at 

 fara yfer a Katanes oc thar' upp a merkr at veida 

 Bauddyri edr Hreina;" which is translated by Jonseus 

 as follows : " Solebant Comites quavis fere estate in 

 Katenesum transire, ibique in desertis feras rubras et 

 rangiferos venari " — the jarls of Orkney were in the 

 habit of crossing over to Caithness almost every 

 summer, and there hunting in the wilds the Red- 

 deer and the Reindeer." 



Dr. Hibbert accepts this version of Jonseus, and 

 so also does Professor Brandt of St. Petersburgh. 

 In the English edition of Jon, A. Hjaltalin and G 

 Goudie (Edinb., 1873, p. 182), the words are trans- 

 lated : " Every summer the Earls were wont to go 

 over to Caithness and up into the forests to hunt 

 the Red-deer or the Reindeer." An eminent Ice- 

 landic scholar, however, Mr. Eirikr Magnusson of 

 Cambridge, is of opinion that neither version is 

 quite correct as regards the latter words, the literal 

 translation being : "It was the custom for the Earls 

 nearly every summer to go over into Caithness and 

 then up into the woods to hunt Red-deer or reins." 



Mr. Magnusson further observes that the word 

 edr has two meanings, equivalent to the Latin sive 

 and vel, and he therefore considers it uncertain 

 whether the proper reading is that they went to 



