234 WILD WHITE CATTLE. 



forest, were then first incarcerated, as they were at 

 Chartley and at Lyme."* 



It is at least certain that this herd was in existence 

 two centuries ago. In Mackenzie's " View of the 

 County of Northumberland" (1825) there is the 

 following note (vol. i. p. 390) : 



" In a family account book, written by William Taylor, steward of 

 Ohillingham, and now (1821) in the possession of his great-grandson, 

 William Taylor, Esq., Hendon Grange, near Sunderland, is an outlay : 



" 1689, Dec. 5, pd Wm. Kadyll's white calf ten shillings. 



" May 1692. Beasts in the Parke. My lorde's 16 white wilde beasts, 

 2 black steers and a guy,f 12 white, read and black ear'd, 5 blacke 

 oxen and brown one, 2 oxen from Warke, from last a steer killed. 



" August '92. Te guy had a calfe, and went to Upwarke with the 

 twelve black and read-ear'd, two of the Warke, and the brown one at 

 Chivton." 



Many accounts of this herd have been published 

 from time to time, amongst which we may refer to 

 those of Pennant, Cully, Bewick, Lord Tanker- 

 ville, Hindmarsh, and quite recently, those of 

 Mr. A. H. Cocks and the Eev. John Storer, all of 

 whom have written from personal observation. 



The account given by the late Lord Tankeryille 

 (" Ann. Nat. Hist.," vol. ii.) commands perhaps the 

 chiefest attention, since it comes from a former 



* Chatton, adjoining Ohillingham, imparked by Edward I. in 129 1- 

 1292, contained "wild animals," presumably the same as those at. 

 Ohillingham. 



t This word, which is variously spelled "quhy," "whye," "why," 

 "wye," and "twy," appears to be an abbreviation of "twynters" 

 (two winters), and signifies a two-year-old heifer. In the Accounts of 

 the Bursar of the Monastery of Durham, 1530-1 534, commonly called. 

 " The Durham Household Book" (pp. 205, 301, 327), are the following- 

 entries : — 



" Et in 2 twynters (whyes) et 2 twynters (whyes) emptis de Wil- 



helmo Bernarde @ gs 36*. 



Et in 4 vaccis, vocatis whyes emptis de Wilhelmo Bernarde, hoc 

 anno @ 9« 36s. 



