STEMS AND BRANCHES AND THEIR USES 227 



above the surface of the soil. Bark grafting is similar, 

 excepting that the split is made between the bark and the 

 wood of the stock ; it is used especially in grafting to rather 

 large stems or branches. In a whip graft, used with small 

 stocks in nurseries, both graft and scion are trimmed only 

 from one side to a wedge shape (a split or tongue being 

 left in the middle) and are fastened together with the cut 

 surfaces in contact. This method is used also when the scion 

 is attached directly to the root of the stock, as is often done 

 with apples in the western United States. In a veneer graft, 



Fig. 137. — Various methods of grafting : A, budding; B, a contact 

 graft ; C, a form of saddle graft. After Gaucher. 



the stock and scion are trimmed off slightly on one side, and 

 the cut surfaces are placed together. This method is used 

 largely- with ornamental greenhouse plants. Sometimes 

 branches of two plants are attached, first being trimmed off 

 slightly at the point of contact and allowed to unite while 

 each is still growing upon its own roots. When the union 

 is complete, the scion is separated from its root. This method 

 is called inarching. Budding is practiced with small stocks, 

 usually not more than a year old ; the scion, a bud with a 

 small strip of bark attached, is inserted into a slit in the 

 bark of the stock. Apples, cherries, and other fruits are 

 largely multipUed in nurseries by budding. 



