284 TEXTBOOK OF BOTANY 



strawberry (Fig. 165). The soft, juicy part of a strg,wberry 

 is really the thickened end of the pedicel to which sepals, 

 petals, stamens, and pistils were attached ; the little hard 

 bodies that are borne in pits on the surface of the berry are 

 one-seeded true fruits. Each true fruit has been formed 

 from the ovary of one of the many pistils of the strawberry 

 flower. A structure which, like a strawberry, is more than 

 a true fruit (because it has been developed from something 

 more than an ovary) is called a false fruit. This is not a 

 very fortunate name, because there 



a is nothing false about a strawberry; 



but it is a name that is rather 

 -i widely used. 

 -,- I - The fleshy part of an apple is 

 '^ formed by a thickening of the end 

 of the pedicel and of the lower parts 

 l\ "~ ^ of the sepals, and only the core is 



developed from the ovary. The' 

 Fig. 166. — a lengthwise apple, therefore, like the pear and 



section through an apple; ,, . . . , ,,.,.,,. 



a, tips of the sepals; b, the ^^^ qumce, which resemble it m this 

 part developed from the respect, is a, false fruit. The fleshy 



ovary (the "core"); c, a part of the fig, another false fruit, 

 seed ; d, line showing the . , , , , , 



course of a vascular bundle; ^s, as we have seen, the sac-shaped 

 e, the pedicel. end of a peduncle ; inside it are the 



small, seed-like true fruits. A pine- 

 apple is formed by the thickening of a whole flower cluster, 

 including the separate flowers, the bracts, and the peduncle. 

 A raspberry or a mulberry might be called a compound 

 fruit, because each little division of the berry is a separate 

 fruit, containing a seed ; as a matter of fact, each division of 

 the mulberry is a false fruit because the juicy part is developed 

 from the sepals. A blackberry is like a raspberry, excepting 

 that the end of the pedicel also becomes soft and juicy and 

 forms part of the berry that we eat. It is plain that fruits, 

 whether true or false, can be borne only by angiosperms, 



