41 8 TEXTBOOK OF BOTANY 



should also be done, using the figures and descriptions in the text 

 as guides.^ 



14. Name the principal timber trees found in your neighborhood. 



15. Is there any difference in texture between the wood of rapidly 

 growing and that of slowly growing trees ? Which makes the better 

 timber ? 



16. Which is better for timber, a tree grown in the open or one 

 grown in a forest ? Why ? 



17. What are the objects to be gained in pruning timber trees? 

 Orchard trees ? Ornamental trees and shrubs ? 



18. Where are the principal timber areas of your state? 



19. What is meant by quarter-sawed lumber? What timbers 

 are cut in this way ? Consult a carpenter as to methods. 



20. What are the relations of the sugar, rubber, and turpentine 

 industries to your stem studies ? 



Chapter XVI 



1. Bring in leaf -bearing portions of several common plants — 

 for instance, the clover, strawberry, apple, and cherry — and 

 compare the leaves with those that you have already studied in 

 the following respects : 



a. Their arrangement on the stem. 



b. Their division into stalk and blade. 



c. The presence of stipules, and their comparative size. Do you 



find leaves without stipules ? 



2. What leaves do you find with parallel veins? With pinnate 

 veins ? With palmate veins ? 



3. What leaves do you find that are simple? What that are 

 pinnately divided? What that are palmately divided? 



4. Compare the leaves of a young oak, basswood, or grape with 

 those of an older plant of the same kind. What differences have 

 appeared in the leaves as the plant grew older? 



1 Grafting wax may be made by first heating and then thoroughly mixing equal 

 parts of beeswax, tallow, and Unseed oil. Soft cotton twine or strips of cheese- 

 cloth saturated with this mixture should be used in binding the parts. The wax 

 should cover all cuts and cracks in order to prevent evaporation and to keep out 

 fungi and insects. It may readily be kneaded into shape if slightly warmed in the 

 hand, or it may be softened by the addition of more oil. 



