DISEASES FROM MILK 17 
milk. The germs always escape from the sick 
person in the bowel discharges or in the urine. 
They may be carried by drainage into well-water 
and by the water into pails, cans, and strainers, 
or they may be carried by flies. Big epidemics 
of typhoid fever in cities have often been traced 
to milk from dairy farms where persons were 
sick with typhoid. 
2. Sore Throat and Scarlet Fever. People used 
to think sore throat and scarlet fever were dis- 
eases sent by Providence to punish mankind. 
Now we know that they often are caused by 
bacteria in milk. Sore throat bacteria look like 
a chain of beads, and for this reason are named, 
‘‘streptococcus,” which is the Greek word for 
chain of beads. Sore udders of cows nearly 
always discharge bacteria like this in great num- 
bers. Every epidemic of sore throat and scarlet 
fever which has ever been traced to its source 
has been found to have been caused by milk con- 
taining such germs. Sore throats in dairy em- 
ployees or sore udders in dairy cows may cause 
big epidemics of sore throat among the persons 
to whom the milk is sold. 
3. Tuberculosis. The examination in hospitals 
of many hundreds of tuberculous children shows 
