CHAPTER 11.—DIFFERENTIATION OF THE THALLUS. 17 
It does not fall within the scope of this work to go into the details of chemical 
analysis ; the reader is referred for these to— 
Husemanx und Hırcer, Die Pflanzenreiche, Aufl. 2. See also the first edition 
of A. and Th. Husemann. 
Frückıger, Pharmacognosie d. Pflanzenreichs, Aufl. 2, Berlin, 1883. The work 
contains exact accounts of Claviceps, Polyporus officinalis, Cetraria, &c. 
G. DRAGENDORFF, Die qualitative u. quantitative Analyse von Pflanzen u. 
Pflanzentheilen, Göttingen, 1882. 
J. Könıe, Chemische Zusammensetzung d. menschlichen Nahrungs- u. Genuss- 
mittel, Berlin, 1878 (Edible mushrooms). 

CHAPTER II. DIFFERENTIATION OF THE THALLUS. 
1. GENERAL SURVEY. 
Section IV. The thallus of the greater part of the Fungi which are composed of 
hyphae is differentiated into two chief parts, a vegetative part known by the name of 
mycelium since the time of Trattinick', and the sporophore? (Fruchtträger, receptaculum 
of Leveillé, encarpium of Trattinick), which bears and produces the organs of repro- 
duction and springs often in great numbers from the mycelium. It need scarcely be said 
that there are many gradations in the sharpness of this differentiation. The views and 
the terminology drawn from the species in which the differentiation is sharply defined 
have often been transferred to those in which it is less distinct. In simple 
filamentous forms, as Protomyces for instance and Entyloma, in which the repro- 
ductive cells are formed directly as segments of hyphae which are not further 
differentiated, we speak of these cells being formed directly on the mycelium. In 
many cases this distinction between mycelium and sporophore may be said to be 
only arbitrary. 
Owing to the peculiar mode of life of the Lichen-fungi, the differentiation in 
many of them is to some extent different from that of the rest of the Fungi, 
and the traditional terminology therefore, which will be considered in Division III, 
is also different. 
The mycelium is that part of the thallus which spreads in or on the substratum, 
derives nourishment from it and attaches the Fungus to it. In accordance with these 
functions it resembles the root-bearing rhizomes of the higher plants, and still more 
the rhizoids of Mosses in various points of form and growth. The sporophores may 
be compared to the flowering or fruit-bearing shoots of higher plants in respect of 
their function to which their form corresponds, and which consists essentially in the 
formation of organs of reproduction. 

1 Fungi austriaci, 1805. 
? See note at beginning of section X regarding the use of the term sporophore. 
[4] c 
