38 DIVISION I.—GENERAL MORPHOLOGY. 
fissure in the rind, and formed therefore in all probability from a single branch 
proceeding from a peripheral medullary hypha and piercing through the rind. 
The exceptional case mentioned above, in which the product of the sclerotium 
is not a compound structure, is the formation of simple’ filamentous gonidiophores, 
known by the name of Botrytis cinerea, from the sclerotia of Peziza Fuckeliana. In 
most of the cases which I have myself examined a bundle of hyphae shoots out from 
the subcortical medullary region, and where it has broken through the rind the 
hyphae spread in different directions, and each developes into a gonidiophore. But it 
sometimes happens that the cells of the rind develope directly into gonidiophores. 
In none of the sclerotia that have been examined is the origin of the shoots 
connected with a definite predestined morphological spot. Any fragment of the larger 
sclerotia, if not too small, can under ordinary circumstances produce them, as Tulasne 
showed in the case of Claviceps, and Brefeld especially in that of Coprinus stercorarius. 
The number also of the shoots that may proceed from a sclerotium is not 
definite in any species ; and some species can produce an almost unlimited number 
A 






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FIG. 18. aandc Claviceps serene: 5 C. microcephala, T. aand éscle- Fic. 19. ern Tuckeliana, a very 
rotia with mature sporop section zh a sclerotiuin small section 
with the young sporophores emerging from the interior, After Tulasne, a a sclerotium, from which a sporophore cut 
and 6 nat. size, c slightly magnified. has p d. The 

dark spots in in the sclerotium are the dead cells 
of the vine-leaf which it has occupied; the 
spots and dots at 2 are calcium oxalate 
aggregations, Magn. 20 times. 
of these primordia (Anlagen) of sporophores on their sclerotia, others cannot do this. 
Vigorous specimens of Coprinus stercorarius, according to Brefeld, may produce 
hundreds of primordia, of which however few are ever perfected, and if those already 
“formed are intentionally and repeatedly destroyed hundreds of fresh primordia as 
repeatedly make their appearance. Other species are less productive; Sclerotinia 
Sclerotiorum seldom has two dozen sporophores even on strong plants; species with 
small sclerotia have usually one only or very few. 
The size of the individual sclerotia on one and the same species, other conditions 
being the same, generally causes a difference in the number of thé sporophores 
which commence and complete their development, and in the vigour of growth of the 
latter. Larger sclerotia are on the whole more productive than the smaller. 
Claviceps purpurea produces 20-30 sporophores from such large sclerotia as are 
formed upon the ears of Secale cereale, but only one or a few weakly ones from the 
small sclerotia upon the spikelets of Bromus, Lolium, and Anthoxanthum. Similar 
differences arising from the size of the sclerotia are observed also in Sclerotinia 
Sclerotiorum and in Coprinus. The relation between size and productiveness is the 
