CHAPTER I1.—DIFFERENTIATION OF THE THALLUS.—SCLEROTIA. 41 
forth a number of erect sporophores in the spring, and forms a new sclerotium destined 
to produce sporophores i in the succeeding year. The exhausted sclerotium of the previous 
year is usually still in existence when the new one is formed, so that the underground 
portion of the Fungus consists of three small tubers of unequal size. 
Historical remarks. Although it has long been known that the sporophores: of 
certain Fungi, species of Typhula and Agaricus and some others, aré developed 
from small tuber-like bodies, our more exact knowledge of the nature of the sclerotia 
is derived from an excellent publication of Léveillé which only appeared in 1843, 
and even this work attracted little notice till Tulasne again called attention to the 
subject and threw new light upon it by his work on Claviceps in 1853. Up to that 
time the greater part of the sclerotia were considered to be independent representatives 
of distinct species, and the name Sclerotium was introduced by Tode! to designate 
the genus formed by the supposed species, each with its own specific name. 
Some fifty species of Sclerotium were described by Fries in his Systema mycolo- 
gicum and his Elenchus; the number was subsequently increased to eighty and 
additions to it are still made by writers, who prefer the hasty publication of imperfect 
observations to more prolonged investigation. 
It appears, as has been shown above, that we are at the present time acquainted 
with the development and especially with the sporophores of a considerable number 
of sclerotia. Others are less perfectly known, in some only the mature sclerotium 
has been seen. Undescribed sclerotia are still not unfrequently found in examining 
Fungi. Appended is a list of the species of Fungi Which are at present known or 
supposed to form sclerotia, together with the old specific names of the sclerotia 
» wherever they have been ascertained. 
1. Peziza tuberosa.—P. Tuba, Batsch (Micheli,‘l. c.), P. Sclerotiorum, Lib. Sclero- 
tium compactum, S. varium), P. Candolleana, Lev. (Sclerotium Pustula), P. Fuckeliana 
(Sclerotium echinatum, Fuckel) ; the two last named Pezizas are in all probability iden- 
tical, and to them belong the gonidiophores known as Botrytis cinerea, P. (B. erythropus, 
Lev.), and the ‘Sclerotium durum’ from which these spring. The little Peziza men- 
tioned in par. a, p. 32, as growing on the veins of the leaves of Prunus is very near to these 
species; its sclerotia found on the same leaves were incorrectly named Sclerotium 
areolatum, Fr. in my first edition. 
Peziza ciborioides, Fr. (Hoffmann).—P. baccarum (Schröter). 
P. Curreyana, Berk. (Sclerotium roseum, Kneiff). 
P. Durieana, Tul. (Sclerotium sulcatum, Desm.). 
The above Pezizas with some others have been made a separate genus Rutstroemia, 
by Karsten (Mycol. fennica) and Sclerotinia by Fuckel (Symbol. mycolog.). 
Peziza ripensis, Hansen. : 
2. Claviceps purpurea, Tul., C. microcephala, Tul., C. nigricans, Tul. (Sclerotium 
Clavus, DC.).—C. pusilla, Cesati. 
Hypomyces armeniacus, Tul. 
Vermicularia minor, Fr., also Xylaria bulbosa, P. (see Tul. Carpol.). 
3. Typhula lactea, Tul.—T. Todei, Fr.—T. caespitosa, Ces.—T. Euphorbiae, Fuckel 
(Sclerotium Cyparissiae, DC.?), T. graminum, Karst. (Sclerotium fulvum, Fr.), T 
variabilis, Riess (Sclerotium Semen, Tode if the cortex is dark-brown, Sclerotium 
vulgatum, Fr. if it is yellow).—T. erythropus (Sclerotium crustuliforme, Dsm.).—T. 
phacorrhiza (Sclerotium scutellatum, A. S.).—T. gyrans (Sclerotium complanatum, 
Tode). I give the names in the two last species on the authority of Fries, Hymeno- 
mycetes Europaei, 1874. Leveill€ had given the name of Clavaria juncea to the 
sporophores growing out of Sclerotium complanatum, and in my first edition I gave 

+ Fungi Mecklenburgenses selecti, p. z. 
. 
