42 3 DIVISION I.—GENERAL MORPHOLOGY, 
the names Clavaria complanata and C. scutellata after the sclerotia to the two 
species which are scarcely distinguishable except by the sclerotia, 
Pistillaria micans (Sclerotium laetum, Ehr.).—P. hederaecola, Ces. 
Clavaria minor, Lév. (which also belongs to Typhula). 
4. Hypochnus centrifugus, Tul. 
5. Coprinus stercorarius, Fr. (Sclerotium stercorarium), C. niveus, Fr. (Hansen.) 
Agaricus racemosus, P. (Sclerotium lacunosum).—A. tuberosus, Bull. (Sclerotium 
cornutum).—A. cirrhatus, P.(?) is the name which I have given above to the small 
white Agaric which grows from Sclerotium fungorum. Other Agarics are also said 
to form sclerotia: A. tuber regium, Fr., A. arvalis (Sclerotium vaporarium).—A. 
grossus, Lév., A. fusipes, Bull., A. volvaceus (from Sclerotium mycetospora, Nees 
in Nov. Acta Nat. Cur. XVI, 1), &c. Sclerotium pubescens, P., Sclerotium truncorum, 
Fr. were supposed to be connected with such Agarics, on which point see Léveillé 
and Tulasne. The statements and determinations are many of them doubtful, and 
more accurate investigations are required. 
6. Tulostoma pedunculatum, Tul. (Schröter). 
There are a large number of tuber-like compound Fungus-bodies the real character 
of which is still doubtful; our ignorance of their structure or development makes 
it impossible to decide whether they are sclerotia or some other formation. Among 
these are Pietra fungaja of South Italy, which is formed of the mycelium of Polyporus 
tuberaster, Jacq. rolled up iftto solid masses with bits of soil, stones, and the like; 
and the tuberous fungoid bodies named Mylitta, Sclerotium stipitatum, Berk., 
Sclerotium Cocos, Schweinitz, which grow beneath the-surface of the ground to the 
size of a fist or a head and are known only in the sterile state, with some others. 
Swellings in the substance of phanerogamous plants such as the tubercles on the 
roots of the Leguminosae, which were once mistaken for sclerotia, require no 
further notice here. 
Section IX. Besides the sclerotia which have been described above with 
well-marked characters morphological and biological there is a motley assemblage of 
compound Fungus-bodies, which approach the sclerotia in their biological character, 
but cannot be classed with them from a strict morphological point of view. Such 
bodies may be termed sclerotioid, or, for brevity’s sake, simply sclerotia, if we do not 
thereby infer their identity with true sclerotia. The biological agreement between these 
bodies and sclerotia consists in similarity of structure, in their being storehouses 
of reserve-material and in their normally passing through a period of rest, after 
which they proceed to a further development. Morphologically they are 
1. Transitory resting stages of mycelia, which under favourable circumstances 
again develope into filamentous mycelia. Such are the small fatty tubers which are 
the resting stage of the mycelium of Hartig’s Rosellinia quercina, and perhaps for- 
mations like Sclerotium Cocos and others mentioned above as of doubtful character. 
2. Perithecia, which when developed enter upon a long period of rest, 
and assume at the same time the form and structure of a sclerotium; these do 
not ultimately produce sporophores, but develope in their interior the asci, which 
are the characteristic organs of reproduction in perithecia. Of this kind are some 
species of Pleospora and Penicillium, which will be fully described in Division II. 
The ‘sclerotia’ of the Aspergilli of Wilhelm are certainly homologous with the 
perithecia of Penicillium and are also biologically analogous with them. 
3. The bodies, which may still retain the old name of xyloma, and which differ 
for the most part from sclerotia only in their less definite shape and outline, and in 
Ny 
