48 DIVISION I.—GENERAL MORPHOLOGY. 
length occupied by several whorls of spores at a cell-length’s distance from one 
another, or shows their points of attachment when the spores themselves have 
dropped’. 
The gonidiophores of Sclerotinia Fuckeliana, known by the name of Botrytis cinerea, 
send out several lateral branches in a paniculate manner beneath their apex, the lower 
of which are themselves branched. The somewhat enlarged and rounded ends of the 
primary hyphae and of its branches abjoint many spores simultaneously on their 
surface. As these ripen the sporiferous terminal cells of the hypha as well 
the entire lateral branches die, dry up, and almost disappear, while the spores are 
clustered together without arrangement. But a new growth begins in the cell beneath 
the terminal cell ; it either simply elongates, and then forms a new sporiferous structure, 
or it sends out one or more strong lateral branches which behave in the same way 
as the primary hypha. Formation of sporiferous structures and prolification may 
take place repeatedly on the same hypha; traces of the branches that have been 
cast off are seen in the circular scars which project a little towards the outside’. 
2. COMPOUND SPOROPHORES. 
Section XII. The chief forms of the compound sporophores of the Fungi are 
well-known to every one; the stalked umbrella-like and the sessile flabelliform or 
horse-shoe-shaped ?zleus of the Hymenomycetes (Champignon, Mushroom, Amadou- 
fungus), the club-shaped or shrubby Clavarieae, the Zeridia of the Bovistae and 
Truffles, the cups of Peziza, and lastly the simpler forms which issue as flat or 
pulvinate bodies from the surface of dead or living plants and are comprised under 
the terms /ayer, stromata, or receplacula. 
Some of the last more simple forms may be regarded as transitions to simple 
sporophores, being indeed aggregates of these and exhibiting a more or less compact and 
characteristic union, which may however vary in one and the same species. Such 
are the gonidial layers of Cystopus and Hypochnus centrifugus, Tul. The gonidiophores 
of Penicillium are sometimes single hyphae, sometimes are united together into tufts 
to which Link gave the name of Coremium; and the same is the case with the 
gonidiophores of the insect-killing Sphaeriaceae, in which the club-shaped branching 
tufts, which are often of considerable size, are known by the name of Isaria’, 
But by far the largest number of compound sporophores, and it is with these 
that we are chiefly concerned here, show much more constant and more distinct 
differentiations. Amid the great diversity of individual peculiarities one character 
may be regarded as almost universal, namely, that a compound sporophore produces 
its characteristic organs of reproduction (spore-mother-cells) in large quantities, and 
that they are grouped in a definite manner and at definite spots upon it. The 
spore-mother-cells form there continuous strata or aggregates of some other 
shape, either by themselves or accompanied by accessory organs usually termed 
paraphyses. These aggregates are conveniently included under the general name of 

1 Fresenius, Beitr. t. III, V.—Corda, Prachtflora.—Coemans, Spicilége, No. 8.—Woronin, 
Beitr. III, t. VI. 
2 Fresenius, Beitr. t. II. 
* Bot. Ztg. 1867, 1. 
