160 DIVISION 11.—COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. 
The Entomophthoreae do not live exclusively on insects. Completoria complens, 
which according to Leitgeb’s observations is one of the group, is a small parasitic Fungus 
in the cells of the prothallia of ferns. Leitgeb’s account of its structure, of the formation 
of its gonidia on the extremities of branches which have emerged from the cells of its 
host, and of its resting-spores, agrees almost exactly with these features in Empusa and 
Entomophthora. Brefeld also! has recently reported an allied species, which he found 
parasitic on some Tremellineae, and names Conidiobolus utriculosus. 
Literature of the Entomophthoreae. 
F. CoHN, Empusa Muscae und d. Krankheit d. Stubenfliegen (N. Act. Acad. Leop. 
XXV, pars ], 1855). 
S. LEBERT, Die Pilzkrankheit d. Fliegen (Verh. d. Naturf. Ges. z. Zürich, 1856). 
G. FRESENIUS, U. d. Pilzgattung Entomophthora (Abh. d. Senkenb. Ges. II, 1858). 
O. BREFELD, Unters. u. d. Entw. d. Empusa Muscae u. E. radicans (Abh. d. Naturf. 
Ges. z. Halle, XII, 1873). 
F. COHN, Ueber eine neue Pilzkrankheit d. Erdraupen (Beitr. z. Biolog. d. Pflanzen, I, 
1874, P- 58). 
L. NowakowsKI, Die Copulation einiger Entomophthoreen (Bot. Ztg. 1877, p. 217). 
BREFELD, Schimmelpilze, IV (1873), p. 97 ;—Id., Hefepilze, 1. c. 
H. LEITGEB, Completoria complens, ein in Farnprothallien schmarotzender Pilz 
(Sitzungsber. d. Wiener Acad. 84, Abth. ı, 1881). 
M. SOROKIN, Zwei neue Entomophthora-Arten in Cohn’s Beitr. z. Biol. II, Heft 3. 
A. GIARD, Deux espéces d’Entomophthora, &c. (Bull. sc. du départ. du Nord, ser. 2, 
année 2, No. I1, p. 253). 
L. NowAakowskI, Entomophthoreae (Abh. d. Acad. d. Wiss. z. Krakau, 1882, (Polish). 
Report on the same in Bot. Ztg. 1882, p. 560. 
CHYTRIDIBAE. 
Section XLVI. This is the name for what has gradually become a very varied 
series of small microscopic forms, which spend their entire vegetative period, or at 
least a definite stage of their spore-producing time under the water, and agree 
morphologically in forming swarm-spores in sporangial cells of a fixed and. definite 
shape; each swarm-spore has usually one cilium, and developes either directly or 
through inconspicuous transition states into fresh sporangial cells. Resting-spores 
are also known in certain species, and these develope directly in germination into 
sporangia or produce them after a short intermediate stage. There is such great 
similarity in the formation of sporangia and swarm-spores, that the species composing 
the group have always, one may almost say instinctively, been considered to be closely 
related to one another. Yet our knowledge of the several species is so unequal, and 
the course of development in the best-known forms is so different in extreme cases, 
and these extremes are so imperfectly connected by the intermediate forms with which 
we are acquainted, that we must at present feel in doubt whether we are dealing in 
this case with a series of objects naturally related to one another, or with a number of 
groups of similar adaptation and therefore of similar form, but of different natural 

1 Hefepilze, p. 10. 
