CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—PROTOMFCES. 171 
Literature of the Chytridieae :— 
A. BRAUN, Ueber Chytridium, eine Gattung einzelliger Schmarotzergewächse (Monats- 
ber. d. Berlin. Acad. Juni, 1855, and Abhandl. derselb. Acad. 1855, p. 21, tt. 1-5) ;— 
Id., Ueber einige neue Arten v. Chytridium u.d. damit verwandte Gattung Rhizidium 
(Monatsber. d. Berlin. Acad. ı Dec. 1856). 
F. COHN, Ueber Chytridium (Nov. Act. Leop. Car. 24, I, p. 142). 
BalIL, Chytridium Euglenae, Ch. Hydrodictyi (Bot. Ztg. 1855, p. 678). 
CIENKOWSKI, Rhizidium Confervae glomeratae (Bot. Ztg. 1857, p. 233). 
A. SCHENK, Algol. Mitth. (Verhandl. d. Phys. Med. Ges. z. Würzburg, Bd. VIII) ;— 
Id., Ueber d. Vorkommen contractiler Zellen im Pflanzenreiche, Würzburg, 1858 
(Rhizophydium). 
DE BARY u. WoRONIN, Beitr. z. Kenntn. d. Chytridieen in Ber. d. naturf. Ges. zu 
Freiburg, III (1863) and Ann. d. sc. nat. ser. 5, III (Synchytrium). 
DE Bary, Beitr. z. Morph. u. Phys. d. Pilze, I, in Abhandl. d. Senkenb. Ges. Frank- 
furt, 1864 (Cladochytrium Menyanthis). 
Woronin, Entwicklungsgesch. v. Synchytrium Mercurialis (Bot. Ztg. 1868, p. 81) ;—Id., 
Chytridium Brassicae (Pringsheim’s Jahrb. Bd. XI, 1878, p. 557). 
Kny, Entwicklung v. Chytridium Olla (Sitzungsber. d. Berliner Naturf. Freunde). 
See also Bot. Ztg. 1871, p. 870. 
M. Cornu, Chytridinées parasites des Saprolegniées in Ann. d. sc. nat. ser. 5, XV 
(1872), p. 112 (Olpidiopsis, Rozella, Woronina, &c.). 
J. SCHROTER, Die Pflanzenparasiten aus d. Gattung Synchytrium (Cohn’s Beitr. z. 
Biol. I, 1, 1875) ;—Id., Ueber Physoderma (Berichte d. Schlesischen Ges. 1882). 
L. NowAKOWSKI, Beitr. .. Kenntn. d. Chytridiaceen in Cohn’s Beitr. z. Biol. II (1876), 
p- 73 (Chytridium, Obelidium, Rhizidium, Cladochytrium) ;—Id., Polyphagus 
Euglenae (Cohn’s Beitr. z. Biol. II, p. 201) ;—Id., Ueber Polyphagus, in Polish (Abh. 
d. Krakauer Acad. 1878). 
A. FISCHER, Ueber d. Stachelkugeln in Saprolegniaschläuchen (Olpidiopsis) in Bot. 
Ztg. 1880) ;—Id.. Unters. ii. d. Parasiten d. Saprolegnieen (Habilitationsschrift, 
Berlin, 1882, and Pringsheim’s Jahrb. Bd. XIV). 
PROTOMYCES AND THE USTILAGINEAE. 
Section LIII. Protomyces macrosporus (Fig. 79) is a parasite which lives 
in the intercellular spaces of umbelliferous plants, especially Aegopodium; it has a 
branching filiform mycelium with transverse segmentation, which produces numerous 
intercalary resting-spores and then dies. The resting-spores, which may be more 
than 60 p» in diameter, are irregularly ellipsoid in shape, filled with dense fatty proto- 
plasm and provided with a very thick many-layered cellulose-membrane. They 
germinate after hybernation in water when set free by the decay of the umbellifer. In 
germination the endosporium with the protoplasm which has become finely granular 
swells into a spherical vesicle, bursts the thick layers of the episporium, and issuing from 
it becomesasporangium. A large number of rod-like spores only about 2.2 u in length 
are formed in a sporangium in the manner described in section XIX and are ejected 
from it; they are thin-walled and without independent movement, but show slight 
oscillations caused by currents in the water; they are thus brought into close proximity 
with one another if this has not happened directly by ejection, and conjugate in pairs 
by means of slender processes usually in the form of the letter H. Scarcely anything 
