CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—ASCOMPCETES. 18 5 
Literature :— 
Protomyces. 
DE Bary, Beitr. z. Morph. u. Phys. d. Pilze, I, where the older literature is cited ;—Id. 
in Bot. Ztg. 1874, p. 81. 
Ustilagineae. 
LEVEILLE in Ann. d. sc. nat. ser. 2, XI, 1839.—Article Urédinées in d’Orbigny’s Dict. 
d’hist. nat. 
TULASNE, Mémoire sur les Ustilaginées comparées aux Urédinées (Ann. d. sc. nat. sér. 
3, VII, 1847) ;—Id., Second Mémoire sur les Urédinées et les Ustilaginées (Ann. 
d. sc. nat. sér. 4, II). 
DE Bary, Unters. ii. d. Brandpilze, Berlin, 1853 (this work and Tulasne’s memoirs give 
the older literature) ;—Id., in Flora, 1854, p. 648 ;—Id., Protomyces microsporus u. 
seine Verwandten in Bot. Ztg. 1874, p. 81 (Entyloma). 
J. Ktun, Die Krankheiten d. Culturgewächse, Aufl. 2 unaltered, Berlin, 1859 ;—Id. in 
Fühling’s Landw. Zeitsch. 1879, p. 81 (according to Just’s Jahresber.). 
A. FISCHER v. WALDHEIM, Beitr. z. Biol. u. Entw. d. Ustilagineen (Pringsheim, Jahrb. 
VII, 1869). This work contains copious accounts of the older writers and literary 
minutiae. See also another work by the author not properly belonging to this place, 
Les Ustilaginées et leurs plantes nourriciéres (Ann. d. sc. nat. ser. 6, IV). 
R. Wo rr, Beitr. z. Kenntn. d. Ustilagineen (Urocystis occulta) in Bot. Ztg. 1876, p. 
657 ;—Id., Der Brand d. Getreides, Halle, 1874 ;—Id. in Bot. Ztg. 1874, p. 814. 
G. WINTER, Einige Notizen ii. d. Familie d. Ustilagineen (Flora, 1876, Nr. 10). 
J. SCHRÖTER, Bemerkungen und Beobachtungen ü. einige ee asi (Cohn’s Beitr. 
z. Biol. II, pp. 349 and 435). 
E. PRILLIEUX, Quelques observations sur la formation et la germination des Spores des 
Urocystis (Ann. d. sc. nat. ser. 6, X, 1880). 
A. B. FRANK, Die Krankheiten d. Pflanzen, Breslau, 1880, p. 419. 
M. WORONIN in Beitr. z. Morph. u. Phys. d. Pilze, V, Frankf. 1882 (Tuburcinia u. 
Keimungen). 
M. Cornu, Contributions a I’étude d. Ustilag. (Bull. soc. Bot. de France, Aug. 1883) ;— 
Id. in Ann. d. sc. nat. ser. 6, XV (1883), 
ED. FISCHER, Beitr. z. Kenntn. d. Gattung Graphiola (Bot. Ztg. 1883). 
BREFELD, Bot. Unters. ii. Hefenpilze, Leipzig, 1883. 
ASCOMYCETES. 
GENERAL CHARACTERS. SPOROCARPS. 
Section LIX. The group of the Fungi known as the Ascomycetes contains 
an enormous number of species, but all its members have their bodies composed 
of branched hyphae which are always septate, and they are all distinguished by 
the’ formation of their spores in asci, as has been described in section XIX, from 
which peculiarity they derive their name. Putting aside the species which will 
be noticed at the conclusion of the division as doubtful Ascomycetes, the asci 
of this group are sporocarps in the sense of section XXXIII, or parts of sporocarps, 
and in the latter case are often collected several or many together into hymenia 
{section XII). 
