220 DIVISION II.—COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. 
as a large-celled envelope. The round coil then developes into the at first cylin- 
drical sporocarp by the aid of branches from the primordium and from its envelope, 
which have the same relation therefore to each other in this respect as the primordium 
and medulla in S. Sclerotiorum. The incipient sporocarp is therefore now seated 
on the rind of the sclerotium in the same form as the one represented in Fig. 105 
beneath it. Meanwhile more branches from the elements of the medulla have 
grown through the rind up to the envelope, so that the rind is pierced by a 
strand of hyphae as broad as the sporocarp and passing into the envelope, a 
condition of things which continues in the form represented in Fig. 19. What- 
ever could be observed of the final maturing of the sporocarp is the same as in 
S. Sclerotiorum. 
13. According to Gibelli’s and Griffini’s researches confirmed by Bauke the 
development of the perithecium in Pleospora herbarum differs to some extent from 
those described above, the perithecium being formed by differentiation at a late period 
of growth of a spherical primordium originally composed of a uniform pseudo- 
parenchyma. This arises from one or two adjacent mycelial cells which are converted 
into the spherical primordium by active cell-division in every direction. The 
initial cell was previously constituted by one, rarely several, hyphal branches, which 
show no fixed arrangement and no peculiar changes in their further development. 
Then a bundle of slender paraphyses springs from the basdl region into the parenchy- 
matous body, displacing and dissolving its original central tissue, and grows on into 
the inner space; and after that, in the observed cases after a winter’s rest, the asci 
are formed ‘in the middle of the paraphyses as branches from their basal cells;’ the 
paraphyses swell into a jelly and disappear as the asci mature. 
Similar proceedings are perhaps to be observed in Sphaerella Plantaginis ac- 
cording to Sollman’s statements’, but these are not to be relied upon. 
14. In Claviceps purpurea, according to Fisch, the formation of the perithecia 
begins with the differentiation of a few cells in the periphery of the young capitate end 
of the stroma which proceeds from the sclerotium (see page 38 and also section LXV). 
Two or three hyphal cells become filled with strongly refractive protoplasm and 
begin to form by divisions in all directions a very small roundish or elongate-ellipsoid 
cellular body, which is clearly distinguished from the pseudo-parenchyma of the 
capitulum by the small size of its cells and the nature of their contents. The mode 
of formation of the cavity of the perithecium could not be certainly ascertained ; but 
in all probability it is effected by the mutual separation of the cells in the interior, 
either by the simple parting of the walls or by dissolution of a cell-layer ; in this way 
a cavity would be formed, the roof of which would be the greater portion of the wall 
of the perithecium, and its floor become the incipient hymenium. The young peri- 
thecium as a whole soon acquires the form of an elongated cone by growth in the direc- 
tion of the radius of the capitulum, and this change is accompanied by an elongation 
of the whole peripheral cell-layers of the body, thus plainly delimiting the wall of the 
perithecium. The point of the young perithecium elongates above into a cone, and 
forms a canal which is beset all round from below upwards with periphyses, while small’ 
protuberances grow out of the upper cell-layers of the young hymenium and lengthen 

' Bot. Ztg. 1864, p. 281. 
