CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—DOUBTFUL ASCOMYCETES. 263 
The reader is also referred to descriptive and phytopathologicalliterature. Nylander’s 
Synopsis is specially valuable among works on the Lichen-fungi ; others will be found 
fully given in Von Krempelhuber’s Geschichte u. Literatur d. Lichenologie. 
DouUBTFUL ASCoMYCETES. 
Section LXXV. There are certain small groups of Fungi which, as far as we 
know them, show a greater amount of agreement with the Ascomycetes than with any 
other Fungi, and must therefore 
be classed with the Ascomy- 
cetes. Some, like the Laboul- 
benieae and the group formed 
of Exoascus and Saccharomy- 
ces, have asci, but are so widely 
separated by structure and 
course of development from 
typical Ascomycetes, that there 
may be some scruple about 
uniting them directly with this 
division of the Fungi; others 
greatly resemble certain typical 
Ascomycetes in all that is as- 
certained of their life-history, 
but are hitherto only known to 
produce peculiar small cellular 
bodies, ‘ bulbils,’ without power 
of germination, instead of spo- 
rocarps with asci. 
Tothe lattercategory belong 
the forms Helicosporangium 
parasiticum, Karst., and Pa- 
pulaspora aspergilliformis, 
Eid., which have recently been 
described by Eidam. We can 
only mention them thus briefly 

FIG. 120. 4, b—h Stigmatomyces Baeri, Peyritsch (St. Muscae, Karsten). 
in this place, referring thereader 
to Eidam’s publication; the 
plants themselves should be 
further investigated. We pro- 
ceed to give a short account of 
the other species. 
Most ofthe Laboulbenieae 
grow on the outer surface of 
4 ripe specimen with its black organ of attachment released from the skin of the 
fly, showing the surface and an optical longitudinal section; the asci are seen 
through the wall of the perithecium. a everywhere the appendage. d an isolated 
ascus with ripe spores. c—h of the p i and appendage ; 
ive stages of d ding to the letters. c two double spores 
fastened to the wing ofa house-fly. @, e older states on the chitinous membrane cut 
h h per dicularly. 2 of the perithecium. g the delicate 
Projection (? trichogyne) from the apex of the perithecium, with the small round 
swellings on the ities of the b 'h dag A after the 
formation of the perithecium is d. Zfull-g i of Laboulb, 
JStagellata, Peyr. from the wing of Be di: I: The stalk-like 
base of a second specimen is indicated, with the same black organ of attachment. 
a the appendage, All the figures after Peyritsch. A «, g, A magn. 350, dd,e,f 
450, B 125 times. 







beetles which live in or near water, but some are found on other insects, as the species 
especially of Eastern Europe, Stigmatomyces Baeri, Peyr., which is common in Vienna 
on house-flies. They appear like small brushes on the surface of the insect, either 
singly or often, like Stigmatomyces, forming a thick fur on it, Each of these 
