292 DIVISION II,—COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. 
of being moved up and down on the stipe in consequence of the first separation, the . 
annulus mobilis. 
2. In the species of the groups of Amanita and Volvaria which are furnished 
with a volva, the development of the pileus is essentially different from that of the 
rest of the Hymenomycetes, as far at least as has been ascertained by my older and 
Brefeld’s recent examination of the Amaniteae. In this group the compound 
sporophore in its earliest state is a small tuber-like body produced on a mycelium 
consisting of a weft of hyphae uniformly capable of development. This body grows 
in every direction, and not by advance on one side only, to the size of a hazel-nut 
or even larger, and stipe, pileus, and lamellae are formed inside it by differentiation 
of the tissue, by being moulded as it were out of the originally homogeneous 
fundamental mass. The youngest roundish tubers, somewhat more than 1 mm. in 
diameter, which Brefeld saw in Amanita muscaria, are close wefts of hyphae, 
composed in the larger portion of the tuber of slender cylindrical cells which are 

FIG. 134. Coprinus micaceus, Fr. a a young specimen 2 mm. in length in radial longitudinal section; the 
annular furrow beneath the future hymenial surface is bridged over on the outside by the veli. 5a specimen 3°5 mm. 
in length in radial longitudinal section, ¢ a thin radial longitudinal section igh a 

P than 4. dtr section through the middle of the pileus ofc. @ and 4 slightly magnified, a magn. 
go times, c less highly ified. 



here and there dilated into vesicles. In a small peripheral section, which, from its 
position with respect to the substratum, may be called the apex, the hyphal tissue is 
exclusively formed of slender delicate filaments, and its elements are evidently in the 
act of branching copiously. This apical portion is the primordium of the pileus of 
the larger part of the stipe and of the volva which covers the summit of the pileus. 
All beside is the young base of the stipe, which is always swollen and tuber-like and 
is therefore termed the dudéus. A median longitudinal section through tubers of 
about twice the size shows that the tissue of the apical region is differentiated into a 
peripheral portion formed of many layers, the volva, and a bluntly conical body 
inclosed by the volva, the primordium of the pileus and stipe; both volva and primor- 
dium of pileus and stipe are lost below in the bulbus. In the next stage the flat um- 
brella-like commencement of the pileus appears at the apex of the primordium, being 
