CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—HYMENOMPCETES. 303 
the hymenium in Coprinus, while maturing and when mature, is covered with 
irregularly 3-5 angled prismatic almost isodiametric cells of uniform height and with 
pellucid contents. The much narrower basidia are inserted without interruption 
between the corners of these paraphyses-cells, alternating therefore with them, and it 
is only rarely that the corners of two paraphyses meet together (Fig. 139). 
Other formations occur not unfrequently, different from these paraphyses-forms 
and in certain cases at least close beside them, which are generally distinguished from 
them by the circumstance that they stand out as large unicellular structures far 
above all others on the hymenial surface. As they are often inflated in appearance 
in the fleshy species Léveillé named them cyszdia; Phoebus called them specially 
paraphyses. 
The eystidia according to present accounts have been found in species of all the 
groups except the Tremellineae, Clavarieae, and Hydneae, but so distributed that 
their presence or absence and their relative frequency of occurrence vary according 

FIG. 139. Coprinus micaceus, Fr. aa thin longitudinal section through the upper surface of a lamella, the 
basidia distinguished by their turbidly granular contents and springing from the subhymenial cells between 
pellucid inflated ; pa idii 5 surface-view of the i The intercellular space between 
two paraphyses to the left above appears by a mistake in the woodcut, but was not shown in the drawing from which 
the woodcut was taken. Magn. 390 times. 

to the species within narrow cycles of affinity. While they are wanting, for instance, 
in most of the non-fleshy Polypori, they are found in Polyporus igniarius and Trametes 
Pini; while they are abundant in most Coprini they occur rarely or not at all, according 
to Brefeld, in Coprinus ephemerus. They originate like the basidia in the subhymenial 
tissue and their position is the same as theirs; but sometimes, as in Trametes Pini 
and Lactarius deliciosus, they terminate special branches of hyphae which ascend 
to the hymenial surface from the interior of the trama without directly bearing 
basidia also. They are sometimes scattered without order over the hymenial surface, 
more frequently they are found on the free margin of the hymenial processes, especially 
on the edge of the lamellae in the Agaricineae. Their number is usually small 
compared to that of the basidia, often very small; but in species of Stereum which 
Léveillé named Hymenochaete! (S. rubiginosum and S. tabacinum) the hymenium, 
owing to their presence, has the appearance of being covered with bristly hairs. 

1 Ann. d. sc. nat. ser. 3, V (1846), p. 150. 
