CHAPTER XI,—MODE OF LIFE OF THE BACTERIA, 489 
way into the membrane of the intestinal canal if supplied to a healthy caterpillar with 
its food, appearing there first singly and then multiplying rapidly and spreading 
through other organs. Its development and even its mode of multiplication, which is 
said to be by bipartition, is not yet clearly ascertained, and we can only affirm with 
Pasteur that it is a highly dangerous parasite, and expect more distinct conclusions 
from further investigations!. 
The above case must,not be confounded with the forms of disease included under 
the name of flacherie. These are due, according to Pasteur?, to the disturbances 
in the digestive process caused by decomposition or fermentation of the food in the 
intestinal canal, through the presence of an endosporous rod-shaped Bacterium and a 
chain-forming Micrococcus, the M. Bombycis of Cohn*. Doubtless this is a case 
of facultative parasitism, though further investigation is desirable. 
LITERATURE OF THE BACTERIA. 
The literature of the Bacteria has increased to an enormous size in the last ten or 
fifteen years. I have taken some pains to make myself acquainted with it, but I cannot 
affirm that my efforts have been entirely successful. It is at present quite impossible, 
especially in the medical part of the subject, for scientific criticism to keep pace with the 
eager study of the Bacteria, while on the other hand it is not the object of this work to 
supply a mere index. 
For these reasons I have avoided first of all touching further on the medical side of 
the question than was required to complete the account of the morphology and biology 
of the Bacteria; and in the second place I abstain from attempting a complete enumera- 
tion of the literature of these organisms. Copious notices of it are to be found in the 
following works :— 
A. MAGNIN, Les Bactéries, Paris, 1878. 
W. Zopf, Die Spaltpilze, 2nd ed., Breslau, 1884, in Schenk’s Encyclopädie. 
G. MARPMANN, Die Spaltpilze, Halle, 1884. 
DucLAux, Chimie biologique (Vol. IX of the Encyclop. Chim. of Frémy, 
Paris, 1883). 
The lists of works in the last three books are far from being complete, but by 
consulting them and the works which will be cited presently every student will find his 
way to whatever part of the subject is of immediate interest to him. The reader there- 
fore is referred to these publications as the most important, and after them to the medical 
Journals, Annual Reports and recent Text-books, and finally to Just’s Botanischer 
Jahresbericht ; and in the subjoined list I confine myself to noticing the chief sources 
of information, which with my own researches have served as the foundation for the 
account of the morphology and biology of the Bacteria given in the text. A few 
works already quoted in the notes to the text and referring to special points are not 
mentioned again below. 
1. General literature of the Bacteria. 
L. PASTEUR, Examen de la doctrine des gen. spontanées (Ann. Chim. ser. 3, 64, and 
Ann, d. sc. nat., Zoologie, ser. 4, XVI, extracted in Flora, 1862, p. 355) ;—Id., Etudes 
sur le vin, Paris, 1866 ;—Id., Maladies des vers & soie, Paris, 1870;—Id., Etudes 
sur la biére, Paris, 1876. 

1 Pasteur, Etudes sur la maladie des vers 4 soie, Paris (1870), I, p. 207. The earlier literature 
of the subject will be found there. See also Frey u. Lebert in Vierteljahrsschrift naturf. Ges, Ziirich, 
1856.—De Quatrefages, Mém. de l’Acad. des Sciences, XXX, 1860.—Leydig in Du Bois-Reymond’s 
a. Reichert’s Arch., 1863, p. 186.—Hoffmann, Mycol. Ber. (Bot. Ztg. 1864, p. 30). 
2 Etudes sur la maladie des vers & soie. 
3 Beitr. z. Biol. I, 3, p. 165. 
