492 
Annulus inferus. In Hymenomycetes: 
collar attached to the stipe below the 
apex formed by rupture of marginal veil 
round the margin of the pileus. See 
annulus. 
Annulus mobilis. In Hymenomycetes: 
portion of ruptured marginal veil re- 
maining as a moveable annular sheath 
upon the stipe after expansion of the 
pileus. See annulus. 
Annulus superus. In Hymenomycetes : 
same as armilla. 
Anther. In Hymenomycetes: old term 
for cystidium. 
Antheridium. (a) Male sexual organ. 
(6) In Hymenomycetes: old term for 
_ eystidium. 
Anthrax. Disease in animals and man 
excited by Bacillus Anthracis. 
Aphthae. Same as thrush. 
Apogamy. Loss of sexual function without 
suppression of the normal product of the 
sexual act. 
Apothecium. Same as discocarp. 
Appendicula. In Erysipheae: branching 
hair-like process at the summit of sporo- 
carp. 
Archegonium. Female sexual organ with 
narrow upper portion (neck) pierced by 
a canal usually enclosing one or more 
cells (neck-canal-cells) and leading to a 
basal dilated portion (venter) containing 
one oosphere (ovum) and a smaller cell 
at the entrance of the neck-canal (ventral 
canal-cell). After fertilisation the embryo 
is developed within the venter. } 
Archicarp. Beginning of a fructification, 
i.e. cell or group of cells fertilised by a 
sexual act. Same as ascogonium, carpo- 
gonium. 
Areolate. Marked out into small areas or 
spaces. 
Armilla. In Hymenomycetes: plaited 
frill suspended from apex of stipe formed 
by a layer of tissue separated from the 
surface of the stipe except at apex, and 
forming at first a covering membrane of 
the hymenium, from which it is detached 
on expansion of the pileus. Same as 
annulus superus, frill. 
Arthrosporous. In Schizomycetes : spe- 
cies which have no endogenous spore- 
formation are arthrosporous. 
Asciferous. Bearing asci. 
Ascocarp. In Ascomycetes: sporocarp 
producing asci and ascospores ; its three 
kinds are apothecium or discocarp, peri- 
thecium or pyrenocarp, and cleistocarp. 
Ascogenous. Producing asci. 
Ascogonium. In Ascomycetes: 
as archicarp. 
Ascophore. Sporophore bearing an ascus. 
See sporophore. 
same 

EXPLANATION OF TERMS. 
Ascospore. Spore formed in an ascus. 
Same as thecaspore. 
Ascus. In Ascomycetes : large cell, usually 
the swollen extremity of a hyphal branch, 
in the ascocarp within which spores 
(typically 8) are developed. Same as 
theca, 
Ascus-apparatus. In Ascomycetes : 
portion of the sporocarp consisting of 
the asci together with the ascogenous 
cells. 
Ascus suffultorius. 
basidium. 
Autoecious. A parasite which goes through 
the whole course of its development on a 
single host of a particular species is 
autoecious. Same as autoxenous. 
Comp. metoecious, lipoxenous. 
Autoxenous. Same as autoecious. 
Axile. In the axis of any structure. 
Azygospore. In Mucorini: apogamously 
formed spore resembling a zygospore. 
Corda’s term for 
Basidiogenetic. Produced upon a basi- 
dium. 
Basidiophore. Sporophore bearing a 
basidium. See sporophore. 
Basidiospore. Spore acrogenously ab- 
jointed upon a basidium. 
Basidium. Mother-cell from which spores 
are acrogenously abjointed. Same as 
ascus suffultorius, sterigma. 
Basipetal. In the direction of the base. 
Comp. acropetal. 
Basiscopie. Looking towards the base, 
i.e. on the sidetowards the base. Comp. 
acroscopic. 
Bion. An individual morphologically and 
physiologically independent. 
Blastema. Wallroth’s term for the lichen- 
thallus. 
Brood-bud. (a) In Lichens: same as 
soredium. (4) In Archegoniatae : same 
as bulbil. 3 
Brood-cell. Propagative cell, naked or 
with a membrane, produced asexually, 
separating from the parent and capable of 
developing directly into a new bion. 
Same as gonidium, conidium. Itpasses 
without demarcation into the brood- 
gemma and bulbil. 
Brood-gemma. Pluricellular propagative 
body without differentiation, produced 
asexually, separating from the parent 
and capable of developing directly into a 
new bion. Same as gemma. It passes 
without demarcation into the brood-cell 
on the one side, and into the bulbil on 
the other. 
Bulbil. (a) In some Fungi doubtfully 
considered Ascomycetes: small pluri- 
cellular bodies incapable of germination. 
(6) In Archegoniatae: deciduous leaf- 
