EXPLANATION OF TERMS. 
bud capable of developing directly into a 
new bion. Same as brood-bud. 
Bulbus. In Hymenomycetes: swollen 
base of the stipe of the sporophore. 
Canker. Disease in deciduous-leaved trees 
caused by Nectria ditissima, Tul. and 
characterised by malformation of the rind, 
exhibiting a swollen cushion-like margin 
and a depressed dead centre. 
Cap. In Hymenomycetes : same as pileus. 
Capillitium. Sterile thread-like tubes or 
fibres, often branched or combined in a 
net, interpenetrating the mass of spores 
within a ripe sporogenous body. 
Capitate. Having the form of a head. 
Carpogonium. Same as archicarp. 
Carpophore. Stalk of a sporocarp. 
Carpospore. Spore formed in a sporocarp. 
Cellular spore. Same as sporidesm. 
Cementation (Verklebung) of hyphae. 
Union of membranes by a narrow slip of 
cementing substance, so that hyphae are 
inseparably grown together. Same as 
concrescence. 
Cephalodium. Peculiarly shaped bran- 
ched or convex outgrowth of a lichen- 
thallus in which algal cells are localised. 
Chain-gemma. In Mucoreae: gemma 
having the form of a septate confervoid 
filament, the segments of which are 
capable of sprouting. Same as sprout- 
gemma. 
Chlamydospore. 
spore-membrane. 
Chromidium. Term proposed by Stitzen- 
berger for an algal cell in a lichen-thallus. 
See gonidium. 
Clamp-cell. See clamp-connection. 
Clamp-connection (Schnallen-verbind- 
ung). Small semicircular hollow protu- 
berance attached laterally along its whole 
length (or leaving an eye-hole) to the walls 
of two adjoining cells of a septate hypha 
and stretching over the septum between 
them, either communicating with one or 
both cells of the hypha or completely 
delimited from both and then forming a 
clamp-cell (Schnallen-zelle). 
Cleistocarp. Ascocarp in which the asci 
and ascospores are formed inside a com- 
pletely closed envelope from which the 
ascospores escape by its final rupture. 
Coalescence (Verschmelzung) of hy- 
phae. Complete fusion of the mem- 
branes of two originally separate hyphae 
or hyphal branches. 
Cochleariform. Spoonshaped. 
Collenchyma. Form of thick-walled 
parenchyma in which the middle of the 
lateral walls of the prismatic cells are 
thin but the angles strongly thickened so 
as to round off the cavity of the cell. 
Spore with a very thick 

493 
Columella. Sterile axile body within a 
sporangium. 
Compound Fungus-body (zusammen- 
gesetzter Pilzkörper). Growth-form in 
which the thallus is constituted by the 
cohering of the ramifications of separate 
hyphae. Comp. Filamentous Fungus, 
Sprouting Fungus. 
Compound spore. Same as sporidesm. 
Compound sporophore (Fruchtkörper). 
Sporophore formed by the cohesion of 
the ramifications of separate hyphal 
branches. Comp. simple sporophore. 
Concatenate. Linked together in a chain. 
Conceptacle. General expression for a 
superficial cavity opening outwards 
within which gonidia are produced. 
Concrescence. Same as cementation. 
Conidiophore. Same as gonidiophore. 
Conidium. Same as brood-cell. 
Conjugation. Union of two gametes to 
form a zygote. 
Conjugation-cell. Same as gamete. 
Cortex. Same as rind. 
Cortina. In Hymenomycetes: marginal 
veil ruptured at its connection with the 
stipe and hanging from the margin of the 
pileus as a shreddy membrane. Same as 
curtain, velum in narrower sense of 
Persoon. 
Cross-septation (Querzergliederung). 
Division of the terminal portion of a 
hypha or hyphal branch by transverse 
septa into a number of spore-cells. 
Crustaceous thallus(thalluscrustaceus). 
In Lichens: a thallus is crustaceous when 
it forms aflatcrust on or in thesubstratum, 
adhering firmly to this by its whole under 
surface, so that it cannot be separated 
without injury. Same as thallus lepodes. 
Crystalloid. Crystal of proteid. 
Cup. In Ascomycetes: same as discocarp. 
Curtain. Same as cortina. 
Cutis. Same as pellicula. 
Cyphella. In Lichens: circumscribed pit 
in the rind on the under surface of the 
thallus. 
Cystidium. In Hymenomycetes: large 
unicellular; often inflated, structure pro- 
jecting beyond the basidia and para- 
physes of the hymenium. See anther, 
antheridium, pollinarium, 
Dichotomy. Forking in pairs, i.e. cessation 
of previous increase in length at an apex 
with continuation equallyin two diverging 
directions, Comp. monopodium, 
Diclinous. Having male or female sexual 
organs developed on different branches 
of a thallus. Comp. androgynous. 
Dioecious. Having male and female organs 
on different individuals. Comp.monoe- 
cious. 
