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fourteen days. Infected habitations received the same treatment as in 

 the initial case, except that the furniture was not burned in all 

 instances, but washed instead with lye and left in the sun and open air 

 for thirty days. All garments were put in running water -for two 

 days. Persons exposed or under suspicion went to the Campo di 

 Marte, outside the city walls, where wooden houses had been built. 

 A river separated the isolation camp from the lazaretto, where the sick 

 were lodged and where physicians and nurses were in attendance. 

 Suspects developing plague in the isolation camp were taken across the 

 fiver to the lazaretto, and convalescents from the latter place were 

 transferred to the former. Those who kept well in the Campo di 

 Marte for twenty -two days returned to their disinfected homes in the 

 city, there to remain under observation for an additional twenty-two 

 days. Convalescents from the lazaretto passed twenty-two days in 

 the isolation camp, and were afterwards confined to their houses in the 

 city for another twenty -two days. At the height of the epidemic all 

 the houses in the city were closed for forty days, and none but the 

 guards were allowed in the streets. At this time 5,000 persons were 

 fed from public funds, and there were about 400 persons in the lazaretto 

 and 500 on the Campo di Marte. 



EARLY MARITIME QUARANTINE STATIONS. 



The maritime quarantine stations of the sixteenth century consisted 

 of an anchorage, barracks for suspects and convalescents, and a place 

 where purification could be applied. The practice, with obvious modi- 

 fications, was the same as in the case of an infected city. The person- 

 nel of these stations consisted in many places, at the earliest times, of 

 surgeons and their assistants, for plague, being regarded as a surgical 

 disease, did not fall clinically into the hands of physicians. At a later 

 period the physicians conducting the stations were aided by surgeons, 

 barbers, and experts in aromatics, because, as Massa says, the physi- 

 cians were so limited in their acquirements as not to know how to do 

 manual operations or treat external maladies. 



"With a view to learning how the various methods of disinfection 

 were practically applied at early maritime quarantine stations, it will 

 be interesting to relate what was done to a Catalan ship that arrived 

 at Palermo from Barcelona on the way to Naples at the time Ingrassia 

 was chief of sanitation in Sicily. The account at least shows that the 

 sanitarians of the sixteenth century were thoroughgoing. This vessel 

 had 97 persons aboard, 18 of them passengers. Three seamen and 

 two passengers had died of a disease suspected of being pest. The 

 deaths occurred while the vessel was taking on cargo in the harbor 

 where she lay at anchor. The cargo consisted of barrels of salted fish, 

 cases of sugar (destined for Palermo, and already disembarked and in 



