YELLOW FEVER.INSTITUTE. 



Treasury Department, Bureau of Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service. 

 WALTER WTMAN, Surgeon-General. 



Bulletin No. 16. 



YELLOW FEVER. 



ETIOLOGY, SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS. 



By Joseph Goldberger, Passed Assistant Surgeon, 



U. S. Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service. 



ETIOLOGY. 



The claims, by various authors up to 1890, of having discovered the 

 specific cause of yellow fever, were all effectually disposed of by the 

 investigations of Sternberg. Since that time several investigators 

 •have reported finding the specific causative agent; but it is notable 

 that no two of the micro-organisms for which this claim was made 

 were identical, and since only one could be the specific organism, it is 

 evident that the others could have no real claim to specificity. 



Of the organisms referred to, that described by Sanarelli (1897) as 

 the Bacillus icteroides attracted most attention and, indeed, was at 

 first hailed as the long-looked-for germ. 



A series a of epoch-making investigations and discoveries by a com- 

 mission composed of Walter Reed, James Carroll, Aristides Agra- 

 monte, and Jesse W. Lazear, medical officers of the United States 

 Army, which have been fully confirmed and in some respects amplified 

 by independent workers — Cuban 6 , Brazilian , American d , French 6 , 

 German -f — have resulted in establishing: 



1. That yellow fever is transmitted, under natural conditions, only 

 by the bite of a mosquito (Stegomyia calopus) that at least 12 days 



"Reed, Carroll, Agramonte, and Lazear, 1900; Eeed, Carroll, and Agramonte, 

 1901a", and 1901b; Reed and Carroll, 1902. 



6 Guiteras, 1901. « Barreto, de Barroa, and Rodrigues, 1903. <* Ross, 1902 ; Parker, 

 Beyer, and Pothier, 1903; Rosenau, Parker, Francis, and Beyer, 1904; Rosenau and 

 Goldberger, 1906. « Marchoux, Salimbeni, and Simond, 1903; Marchoux and 

 Simond, 1906a, 1906b, 1906c. / Otto and Neumann, 1905. 



(3) 



