REINDEER AND MUSK DEER 



299 



the autumn back again to the sea coast to browse upon the sea- 

 weed. These migrating herds ha\e been stated to be led by a 

 large female. 



Fig. 157. — Reindeer. Pumgifer tarandus. 



Sub-Fam. 2. Moschinae. — Moschus moscMfcrus'^ is a native 

 of the Asiatic Highlands. It is 3 feet or so high, perfectly 

 hornless, and with very large canines in the male. It is note- 

 worthy that in Hydropotes, where the canines are also very large, 

 horns are absent. These are examples, perhaps, of correlation. 

 The musk sac (whence the name) is present on the abdomen of 

 the male only. There is no crumen or suborbital gland, which is 

 so generally (though by no means universally) present in Cervidae. 

 But the male has, in addition to the musk glands, glands near 

 the tail and on the outside of the thigh. Unlike other Deer, 

 the lachrymal bone of Moschics bears but one orifice. The 

 feet, so far as concerns the preservation of the outer rudimentary 



^ Sir "VV. Flower "On the Structure and Affinities of the Musk Deer [Moschus 

 moschiferus)," Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 159 ; Garrod, loc. cit. 1877, p. 287 ; and 

 F. Jeffrey Bell, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 182. 



