XIV 
List of Illustrations 
PAGE 
Some common fresh-water alge; (a) zygnema; (4) mon- 
geotia; (c) spirogyra (much magnified).....--+++e+5 Sie GOB) 
Pine-sap (Monotrapa hypopitys)..scccrerersecesseereees 99 
Starch grains of the potato (a) and of wheat (A)... eee 104 
Epidermal cell and one stoma ofa fern (much magnified) 107 
Stoma of a cycas (much magnified)...--+++-eeeeee reer 108 
Four natives of South Africa: 1. A South African 
groundsel; 2, a typical cactus; 3, a sponge; 4, a 
Milkweed. ..-. cece cece e eee e eter eee ceeeeeene eceaghes IIL 
A climbing spray of the pea......-s see cess eee ee eee II4 
Parallel-veined leaves of the Indian shot...-......+++- 122 
Net-veined leaves of the lime tree .....-. eee e ee ee eeeee 124 
Blade-like leaves of the Iris with clasping bases....... 125 
Crosswise section of a Palmetto trunk .......+--seeees 127 
Crosswise section of the trunk of a young oak tree 
showing growth ringS...- ses eee eee cece eee ences 135 
Wild TOSOSicuk Hands costae ai giver Oa Se Sg ieretene gine 137 
A lily-flower ... ccc cece cece eee eee cnet eee eet eees 140 
Seed-vessel of the tulip .....--...--2++-e- Taajepsee diese ie ale 140 
Sweet-flag (Acorus Calamus) .sorssseeseereee sisiseaiiecaa I4I 
A single floret of the sweet-flag (magnified).........- +. 144 
June aspect of the cat-tail flags .......-..ee eee e eee eee 145 
Single florets of the cat-tail flag (magnified).......... oe 947 
Some familiar graSseS...... se ce eee cece eee e eee eee 150 
‘‘Marram grass,’ ‘‘ beach grass’ or ‘‘ sea-sand”’ reed 
(Ammophila arundinacea of Gray)icceecccsceerceeeees 152 
Stems of the rye, showing the knots or nodes.......... 158 
Ligula of millet-grass ..-...... cece ee cere eee f05 Sa eoveness J61 
Oats and yarrow with analyses of their flowers........ 163 
Single flower of a grass (magnified)...........ceeeeeee 167 
Caryopsis of the wheat (magnified)....... Suess Sidhe fener 168 
Sand-bur grass (Cenchrus tribuloides) wesc ccacseseeeeeee 170 
Squirrel-tail grass (Hordeum jubatum).eescccesscercece 171 
Common reed (Phragmites COMMUNTIS) ooccceceeeerceene 174 
Five familiar water-rushes ....... cece ec eee ee cece neces 178 
A wood-rush (Lazzula campestris) v.ccecccscecvevcceeees 180 
Lengthwise section of the tubular leaf of a ‘‘ knotty- 
leaved”’ rush (magnified)......... SE noiatdameena at 182 
Flower-cluster and flower analysis of a common water- 
rush ( Juncus articulatus)...ccceccccesecees eek sees 184 
