272 Field, Forest, and Wayside Flowers 
wind-break, sheltering the deciduous trees which 
grow further inland from the first keenness of 
ocean blasts; and in many places evergreen woods 
border on the great lakes, and bear the brunt of 
their gales. 
As one ascends high mountains the broad-leaved 
trees grow fewer, till at last, all the rough slopes 
are ciothed with the sombre green of spruces and 
pines. Indeed the word ‘‘ pine’’ is derived from 
the Celtic ‘‘ pin,’’ a crag, which is preserved in 
the names of some Scotch and Welsh mountains— 
‘““Ben Lomond,’’ ‘‘ Ben Nevis,’’ and ‘‘ Penmaen- 
Mawr.”’ 
The forests of Maine and Canada are largely 
evergreen, and as one travels northward deciduous 
trees are left behind, till, at last, all the land is in 
possession of the spire-shaped spruces and the 
pines. 
Coast and mountain evergreens must brave rough 
winds, and evergreens of high latitudes must be 
enabled to shed the snows of northern winters. 
So Nature has fitted them for their circumstances 
by giving them the stiff, slender leaves which are 
popularly called ‘‘ needles,’’ or, as in the case of 
the arbor-vitz, scale-like foliage, which invests 
the branches as tiles cover a roof. However fierce 
