Index 
Rose-geranium, 126 
Rose-kin, 126, 129, 132 
Royal osmunda, 265 
Rudiments, 80 
Running mesquit, 153 
Rush-lights, 180 
Rushes, 117, 179, 180 
dependent upon the wind, 185 
flowers of, 182, 183 
knotty-leaved, 181 
pollen of, 185 
ripe seed-vessels of, 187, 188 
water, 180, 181, 185, 186, 187 
wood, 180, 182, 183 
Ruskin quoted, 115 
Rye, 103, 118, 151 
Salts, 105 
Salvia, 35 
Sand-bur, 169, 172 
Sand-binders, 154 
Sap, crude, 129, 395 
Sap, digested, 129 
Sap, elaborated, 395, 397 
Saw-palmetto, 329 
Scale-bark, 390 
Scale-leaves, 276 
Scale-like foliage, 272 
Scales of the bud, 57, 58, 87, 88 
of ferns, 261 
Scars left by bud-scales, 58, 59 
Scotch cloth, 332 
Scotland, national flower of, 337 
Scouring rushes, 251 
Scrub-pine, 275 
Scypanthus elegans, 239 
Sealing of leaf-scars in autumn, 
368, 395 
Sea-weeds, 97, 248 
Sea-sand reed, 153 
Sedges, 117, 179 
blossom of, 139, 190 
leaf arrangement of, 188, 190 
seed distribution of, 191 
small value of, 196 
Seed, 22, 247, 248 
Seed-bearing scale, 297 
Seed-leaves, I19, 120 
Seed distribution of water- 
rushes, 187 
Seeds of water-rushes, 185, 186 
409 
Seeds of wood-rushes, 185 
Seedling, 75, 120 
cone-bearers, 270, 271 
Seedlings, 73, 74, 86 
Selaginella, 290 
Selaginella, archegonia of, 291 
prothalli of, 292 
spermatozoids of, 291 
spore of, 290, 291 
Seniors of the forest, 285 
Sensitive fern, 262, 265 
Sepals, 21, 22 
Sheaths of grasses, 158 
Shear-grass, 188 
Shepherd’s purse, 376 
Silence of the evergreen woods, 
269 
Silene, 227 
Silver fir, 274 
Silver poplar, 50 
‘““ Skeleton” of the leaf, 89 
Sneeze-weed, 352 
Snowdrop, 380 
Soft-rush, 182 
‘*Sommer-gowk,” 380 
Sori, 261 
Sorus, 261 
Spadix, 143 
Spathe, 140, 144 
Spermatozoid, 254 
Spermatozoids, 256 
of gingko, 296 
Sphinx Carolina, 218 
convolvuli, 221 
moths, 202, 203 
Spider-wort, 124 
“Spike-rush,” 193 
Spikelet, 162, 164, 165, 168 
Spikelets, 162, 168 
Spinach, 38 
Spines, I10, 323 
Spore, structure of, 247, 249 
Sporangia, 261, 262 
Sporangium, 261, 262 
Sporangium, development of, in 
true ferns, 265 
in adders’ tongues, 266 
Spore-bearing fronds of 
sensitive fern, 265 
Spring blossoms in late autumn, 
373, 375 
the 
