MX. TILIA‘CEH: TYLIA. 67 
tagged ill-looking plant that we deem it altogether unworthy of culture. 
Host, in his Flora Austriaca, has the following names, which he considers as 
species: 7. vitifolia ; corylifolia ; grandifolia Sm. ; cordllina, syn. europe‘a 
Hook. Lond.; routabilis; late bracteata; pra‘cox ; pyramidalis; inter- 
mnédia ; tenuifdlia; obliqua; europz‘a Sm.; parvifolia Sm.; argéntea, syn. 
alba Waldst. et Kit. Icon, t. 3. (Fl. Aus., vol. ii. p. 59—63.) 
The wood of the lime tree is of a pale yellow or white, close-grained, soft, 
light, and smooth, and not attacked by insects. It weighs, per cubic foot, 
when green, 55lb.; half-dry, 45 lb, ; and dry, 371b.; and it loses a third 
part of its weight, and a fourth part of its bulk, by drying. (Baudrill.) It is 
used by pianoforte-makers for sounding-boards, and by cabinet-makers for a 
variety of purposes. It is carved into toys, and turned into domestic utensils 
of various kinds, and into small boxes for the apothecaries. The most elegant 
use to which it is applied is for ornamental carving, for which it is superior to 
every other wood. This wood is said to make excellent charcoal for gun- 
powder ; even better than alder, and nearly as good as hazel. Baskets and 
cradles were formerly made from the twigs ; and shoemakers and glovers are 
said to prefer planks of lime tree for cutting the finer kinds of leather upon. 
The leaves of the lime tree, in common with those of the elm and the poplar, 
were used, both in a dried and in a green state, for feeding cattle, by the Ro- 
mans ; and they are still collected for the same purpose in Sweden, Norway, 
Carniola, and Switzerland. One of the most important uses of the lime tree, 
in the North of Europe, is that of supplying material for ropes and bast 
mats ; the latter of which enter extensively into European commerce. The 
Russian peasants weave the bark of the voung shoots for the upper parts of 
their shoes, the outer bark serves for the soles; and they also make of it, 
tied together with strips of the inner bark, baskets and boxes for domestic 
purposes. The outer bark of old trees supplies them, like that of the birch, 
with tiles for covering their cottages. Ropes are still made from the bark of 
the tree in Cornwall, and in some parts of Devonshire. The fishermen of 
Sweden make nets for catching fish of the fibres of the inner bark, separated, 
by maceration, so as to form a kind of flax ; and the shepherds of Carniola 
weave a coarse cloth of it, which serves them for <heir ordinary clothing. The 
sap of the lime tree, drawn off in spring, and evaporated, affords a considerable 
quantity of sugar. The honey produced by the flowers is considered superior 
to all other kinds for its delicacy. London and Wise recommended the lime 
tree, as preferable to the elm, for sheltering gardens or orchards ; because the 
roots do not, like those of the elm, spread out and impoverish all around them. 
A deep and rather light soil is recommended ; but the largest trees are ge- 
nerally found in a good loamy soil. In dry situations, the hime never attains 
a large size, and it loses its leaves earlier than any other tree. Being a tree 
of the plains, rather than of the mountains, it does not appear suitable for ex- 
posed surfaces: but it requires a pure air rather than otherwise ; for, though, 
it is found in towns on the Continent, and sparingly so in Britain, the smoke 
of mineral coal seems more injurious to it than it is to the platanus, the elm 
or some other trees. It is seldom propagated otherwise than by layers, which 
are made in the nurseries in autumn and winter ; and which become rooted, 
so as to admit of being taken off, in a year. The tree in Britain appears sel- 
dom to ripen its seeds. 
4% 2. T. (EuR.) a’LBa Waldst. § Kit. The white-leaved European Lime Tree, 
Identification. Waldst. and Kit. Pl. Hung.; Don’s Mill. }. p. 453. 
ied ie T. americana Du Roi; T. E eentea Desf., Dec. Cat. Hort. Monsp., and Dec. Prod. 1. 
p. 513.; T. rotundifolia Vent. and N. Du Ham.; T. tomentdsa Manch. F : 
Engravings. Waldst. and Kit. Pl. Hung., 1.t. 3.3 Wats. Dend., t. 71.; the plate in Arb. Brit., lst 
edit., vol. v.; and our (fig. 102. 
Spec. Char., &c. Petals each with a scale at the base inside. Leaves cordate, 
somewhat acuminated, and rather unequal at the base, serrated, clothed with 
white down beneath, but smooth above, 4 times longer than the petioles. 
Fruit ovate, with 5 obscure ribs. (Don’s Mill.) Fruit evidently ribbed. 
F2 
