XXII RHAMNA‘CEE!: RHA’MNUS. 177 
Spec. Char., §c. Erect. Leaves oval-oblong, almost entire, smooth. Umbels 
stalked. Flowers hermaphrodite. Berries globose. (Don’s Mill.) A 
deciduous shrub or tree. North Carolina to Florida, on the banks of 
rivers. Height 6 ft. to 8ft., sometimes a tree 30ft. to 40 ft. Introduced 
in 1819. Flowers greenish; May and June. Berries black ; ripe in 
September. 
In America this species, though usually a shrub in North Carolina, is in 
Georgia a considerable tree. Leaves 3 in. to 6 in. long, and } in. to 2 in. wide; 
sometimes acuminate, irregularly serrated ; sometimes the margin is waved. 
Fruit as large as a small pea, mostly 3-seeded. (Tor. and Gray.) 
2 F 15. BR. Fra’neura L. The breaking Buckthorn, or Berry-bearing Alder. 
Identification. Lin. Spec., 280. ; Don’s Mill., 2. p. 32. 
Synonymes. Nerprun Bourgéne, Aune noir, Fr.; glatter Wegdorn, Ger. ; Alno nero, Ital. 
Devaney. The name of Frangula, breaking, is applied to this species, from the brittleness of 
its branches. 
Engravings. Eng. Bot., t.250.; CEd. FI, Dan., t. 278.; the plate of the species in Arb. Brit. Ist 
edit., vol. v.; and our jig. 265. 
Spec. Char., §c. eaves oval, quite entire, lineated with 10 or 12 lateral 
nerves, and, as well as the calyx, smooth. Flowers hermaphrodite. (Don’s 
Mill.) A deciduous shrub, or low tree. Europe and part of Siberia, in 
woods and thickets; not uncommon in England, but rare in Scotland. 
Height 3 ft. to 6 ft., wild ; 8 ft. to 10 ft. in British gardens. Flowers whitish, 
with purple anthers; May. Berries dark purple; ripe in September. De- 
caying leaves reddish green. Naked young wood dark 
brown. 
Variety. 
& ¥ R. F. 2 angustifolia Hort. has narrower leaves. 
The plant of this species in the Horticultural 
Society’s Garden is very distinct; and, in 1835, 
was 6 ft. high, after being 10 years planted. 
Branches numerous, alternate, leafy, round, smooth, 
and blackish. From a quarter to half an ounce of the 
inner bark, boiled in small beer, is a sharp purge. The 
bark dyes yellow, and, with a preparation of iron, black. 
The flowers are particularly grateful to bees. The 
charcoal prepared from the wood is preferred by the 
makers of gunpowder to any other. 265. R. Frangula. 
% ¥ 16. R. LatiFo‘tius L’ Hérit. The broad-teaved Buckthorn. 
udeniiication: L’Hérit. Sert., 5. t.8.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 26.; Don’s Mill., 
. p. 32, 
Engravings. L’Hérit. Sert., 5. t.8.; Dend. Brit., t. 11. ; Willd. Ab. 
bild., t. 100. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., Ist edit., vol. v.; and 
our fig. 266. 
Spec. Char.,§c. Leaves elliptical, acuminate, quite 
entire, lineated with 12 or 15 lateral nerves ; younger 
leaves and calyxes villous. Flowers hermaphrodite. 
(Don’s Mill.) A deciduous shrub, with the habit 
of a low tree. Azores, on the mountains of St. 
Michael. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1778. 
Flowers greenish; July. Berries black or red, both 
colours appearing on the same plant at once ; ripe in \ 
September. 
The leaves are larger than those of any other species; 
except #. alpinus grandifolius; and the whole plant 
is remarkable for its robust appearance, and the cor- 
spicuous opposite nerves which proceed from the middle 
of the leaves. It deserves a place in every collection, 266. zh&mnas lauieottus. 
N 
