180 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 
Genus VI. 
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CEANO‘THUS L. Tue Cranotuus, or RED Root. Lin. Syst. 
Pentandria Monogynia. 
Identification. Brongn. Mém. Rham., p. 62. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p.124.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 31. ; 
Don’s Mill., 2. p. 37. 2 
Synonymes. HKhamnus species L., Juss., Lam.; Céanothe, Fr. ; Sakebbaum, Ger. . 
Derivation. From keanothus, a name employed by Theophrastus to designate a spiny plant, derived 
from ked, to cleave : the modern genus has; however, nothing to do with the plant of Theophrastus. 
The English name, Red Root, is given to the plant in America, from the red colour of the roots, 
which are of a large size in proportion to the branches. 
Gen. Char, Calyx with a subhemispherical tube, and 5 connivent segments. 
Petals 5, unguiculate, cucullate, deflexed. Stamens with ovate 2-celled an- 
thers. Disk spongy, annular. Ovary spherical, girded by the disk, 3-celled. 
Styles 3, diverging, terminated by small papilliform stigmas. Fruit tricoc- 
cous, girded by the circumcised tube of the calyx. (Don’s Mill.) 
Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, persistent or deciduous ; ovate or ellipti- 
cal, serrated or entire. F/owers terminal or axillary, in elongated racemes. 
— Shrubs, natives of North America, very ornamental in British gardens, 
and easily propagated by cuttings of the young wood, planted in sand, and 
covered with a hand-glass, Most of the species produce seeds freely in 
British gardens, and they all grow in any common garden soil. 
1. C. america‘nus L. The American Ceanothus, or Red Root; or New 
Jersey Tea. 
identification: Lin. Spec., 281.; Dec. Prod., 2.p. 31.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 37.; Tor. and Gray, 
p. 264. 
Engravings. Bot. Mag.. t. 1497. ; and our jig, 271. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves ovate, acuminate, serrated, pubescent beneath. 
Thyrse elongated, axillary, with a pubescent rachis. (Don's Mill.) A de- 
ciduous suffrutescent low shrub. Canada to Florida, in woods and copses. 
Height 1 ft. to 3 ft.; in British gardens, 2 ft. to 4ft. Introduced in 1713. 
Flowers white ; June to August. Fruit black ; ripe in September. 
Varieties. Torrey and Gray describe three varieties, 
C. a. 2 Pitcheri, C. a. 3 her- 
baceus (C. perénnis Pursh, C. 
ovatus Desf.), and C. a. 4 
intermédius (C. intermédius 
Pursh, fig. 271.); but we 
scarcely think they are worth 
keeping apart in collections, 
Stems shrubby, or suffruticose. 
Leaves 2 in. to 3 in. long. 
The leaves and stems of the 
plant are pubescent ; and the 
flowers, being produced in great 
numbers together, are very orna- 
mental. They are succeeded by bluntly triangular cap- 
sules; and, about London, in fine seasons, the seeds 
‘ripen. Any soil that is tolerably dry. Seeds or cuttings. 
The leaves of this plant, dried, were used by the Americans as a substitute 
for Chinese tea, during the war of independence. 
271. C.a, intermédius. 
272. Ceandthus americanus. 
& # 2, C.azu‘REus Desf. The azure.flowered Ceanothus, or Red Root. 
Identification. Desf. Cat., 1815, p. 232. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 31.3 Don’s Mill., 2. p. 37. 
Synonymes. C. cerdleus Lag. Gen, et Spec. 1816, p. 11.3 C. bicolor Willd. in Schult. Syst.7. p. 65. 
mgravings. Bot. Reg., t. 291.; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t.110.; and our jig. 273. 
