XXVI. ROSA CEE! CRATE'GUS. 3538 
Trees or shrubs, small, deciduous, sometimes evergreen; mostly natives of 
Europe and North America, and some of them of Asia and the North of 
Africa. One of them, the common hawthorn, is well known throughout 
the Middle and North of Europe, as a hedge plant. The species all flower 
and fruit freely ; and the wood of all of them is hard and durable, and the 
plants of considerable longevity. Almost all the flowers are white, and the 
fruit is generally red ; though in some sorts it is yellow, purple, black, or 
green. All the species ripen fruit in the neighbourhood of London, most 
of them abundantly; by which, or by grafting or budding on the common 
hawthorn, they are generally propagated. When the species which have 
naturally a dwarf habit of growth are intended to assume the character of 
low trees, they are grafted standard high upon C. Oxyacantha, C. coccinea, 
or on some other of the strong-growing kinds ; in consequence of which prac- 
tice, this genus furnishes a greater number of handsome small trees for orna- 
mental grounds than any other ligneous family whatever. All the species 
will grow on any soil that is tolerably dry ; but they will not grow vigorously 
in a soil that is not deep and free, and rich rather than poor. Whether as 
small trees or as shrubs, they are all admirably adapted for planting grounds 
of limited extent ; and especially for small gardens in the neighbourhood of 
large towns. / 
§ i. Coccinee. 
Sect. Char., §c. Leaves cordate, lobed, acutely serrated. Flowers and fruit 
large. The plants also large, and of free and vigorous growth. 
* 1. C.cocci’nea L. The scarlet-fruited Thorn. 
Identification. Lin. Sp., 682.; Pursh Amer. Sept., 1. p. 337.3 Dec. Prod., 2. p. 627.; Don’s Mill., 
cys oe C. xstivalis Booth; Méspilus estivalis Walt, Fl. Car.; M. coccinea Mill. Nouv. Du 
Ham. ; thornless American Azarole; Néflier écarlate, Fr.; scharlachrothe Mispel, Ger. ; Laz- 
zeruolo rosso, Ital. 
Engravings. Pluk., t. 46. £4.; Dend. Brit., t.62.; Bot. Mag., t. 3432. ; our fig. 677. in p. 386. ; 
the plate in Arb. Brit., Ist edit., vol. vi.; and our jig. 634. 
634. Cratee‘gus coccinea. 
Spec. Char., §c. Disks of leaves cordate-ovate, angled with lobes, acutely 
serrated, glabrous. Petioles and calyxes pubescent, glanded. metals or. 
AA 
