XXVI. ROSA‘CEH: Cratm'cus. 361 
plate in Arb, Brit., Ist edit., vol. vi.; and our fig. 670.), has finely cnt 
leaves ; the shoots are comparatively slender, the plant less robust, 
and the fruit smaller, than in the species. It isa very distinct and 
elegant variety. 
* C. O. 26 péeridifolia, C. pterifolia Lodd. Cat. (fig. 717. in p. 400.), 
resembles the preceding, but the leaves are longer in proportion to 
their breadth, and more elegantly cut. 
¥ C. O. 27 oryphylla Monckton. — Leaves much larger than those of the 
species. Raised by General Monckton, at Somerford, in ? 1837. 
Horticultural Society’s Garden. ; 
H. Varieties differing in the Colour of the Leaves. 
¥ C. O. 28 foliis atireis Lodd. Cat., C. lutéscens Booth, has leaves varie- 
gated with yellow ; but they have generally a ragged and diseased 
appearance, when fully expanded ; though, like those of most other 
variegated deciduous plants, when first opening in spring, they are 
strikingly showy and distinct. 
* C.O. 29 foliis argénteis Hort. has leaves variegated with white; but, 
like the preceding variety, it cannot be recommended as handsome at 
any other period than when the leaves are first expanding. 
¥ C. O. 30 licida.—We apply this name to a very distinct and very 
beautiful-leaved variety, which forms a standard in the southern 
boundary hedge of the Hort. Soc. Garden, and which, we trust, will 
soon be propagated in the nurseries. The leaves are large, regularly 
cut, somewhat coriaceous in texture, and of a fine shining green. 
The plant is of vigorous growth. 
The common hawthorn, in its wild state, is a shrub or small tree, with a 
smooth bark and very hard wood. The rate of growth, when the plant is 
young, and in a good soil and climate, is from 1 foot to 2 or 3 feet a year, 
for the first three or four years; afterwards its growth is slower, till the 
shrub or tree has attained the height of 12 or 15 feet, when its shoots are 
produced chiefly in a lateral direction, tending to increase the width of the 
head of the tree rather than its height. In a wild state, it is commonly 
found as a large dense bush ; but, pruned by accident or design to a single 
stem, it forms one of the most beautiful and durable trees of the third rank 
that can be planted: interesting and valuable for its sweet-scented flowers 
in May, and for its fruit in autumn, which supplies food for some of the 
smaller birds during part of the winter. In hedges, the hawthorn does not 
flower and fruit very abundantly when closely and frequently clipped; but, 
when the hedges are only cut in at the sides, so as to be kept within bounds, 
and the summits of the plants are left free and untouched, they flower and 
fruit as freely as when trained as separate trees. The plant lives for a cen- 
tury or two, and there are examples of it between 40 ft. and 50 ft. in height, 
with trunks upwards of 3 ft. in diameter at 1 ft. from the ground. 
The wood of the hawthorn is very hard, and difficult to work: its colour 
is white, but with a yellowish tinge; its grain is fine, and it takes a beautiful 
polish ; but it is not much used in the arts, because it is seldom found of suf- 
ficient size, and is, besides, apt to warp. It weighs, when green, 68 lb. 12 oz. 
per cubic foot ; and, when dry, 57\b. 50z. It contracts, by drying, one 
eighth of its bulk. It is employed for the handles of hammers, the teeth 
of miil-wheels, for flails and mallets, and, when heated at the fire, for canes 
and walking-sticks. The branches are used, in the country, for heating 
ovens; a purpose for which they are very proper, as they give out much heat, 
and possess the property of burning as readily when green, as in their drv 
state. They are not less useful in the formation of dead hedges, for the 
protection of seeds, or of newly planted live hedges or single trees; and 
they will last a considerable time without decaying ; especially when they have 
been cut in autumn, The leaves are eaten by cattle. which. n« vertheless, pay 
