506 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 
flowers being furnished, with stamens only. For an opposite reason, the name of Cornus fee’mina 
was given to C. sanguinea. (See p.502.) | The name of Cornelian Cherry relates to the beautiful 
colour of the fruit, which resembles that of a cornelian. 
Engravings. Black., t. 121.; the plate in Arb, Brit., Ist edit., vol. vi. ; and our figs. 921.and 922. 
Spec. Char., §c. Branches smoothish. Leaves oval, 
acuminated, rather pubescent on both surfaces. 
Flowers protruded before the leaves. Umbels about 
equal in length to the 4-leaved involucre. Flowers 
yellow. Fruit elliptic, of a bright shining scarlet co- 
lour, the size and form of a small olive or acorn, very 
styptic in its immature state. (Don’s Mill.) A large 4 
shrub or low tree. Europe, Britain excepted, and ‘| 
in the North of Asia, in hedges and among. bushes. 
Height 12 ft. to 20ft. Introduced in 1596. Flow- 
ers yellow; February to April. Fruit cornelian- 
coloured; ripe in October and November. Decay- 
ing leaves reddish green. Naked young wood brownish green. 
Varieties. 
¥ C. m. 2 frictu cére coloris N. Du Ham. ii. p. 162. has the fruit of a 
wax colour. ; 
¥ C. m. 3 variegitus has the leaves edged with white or yellow. 
43 2 
921, C. mds. 
922. Cérnus mis. 
The wood has been, in all ages, celebrated for its hardness and durability , 
and it is at the same time tough and flexible. In a dry state, it weighs 69 lb. 
5z. to the cubic foot. The small branches are said to make the most durable 
spokes for ladders; wooden forks for turning the grain on barn floors, and for 
making hay ; hoops, butchers’ skewers, and toothpicks. The wooden forks 
are made by selecting branches which divide into three near the extremity ; 
and, after cutting the branch to a proper length, which is commonly about 5 
or 6 feet, the bark is taken off, and the three branches which are to form the 
prongs are bent so as to form a triangle, like the wooden corn forks of Eng- 
land. In this state they are put into a hot oven, where they are kept till they 
are hardened, so as to retain the shape given to them. Similar hay and straw 
forks are made of the nettle tree in France, and of the willow in various parts 
of England, by the same procedure. The fruit, when thoroughly ripe, is some- 
