LIT. SOLANA‘CEE : SOLA'NUM. 663 
Derwation. The French of Upper Louisiana call this tree Bois Shavanon, from its being found in 
abundance on the banks of the river Shavanon, now called the Cumberland. Catdlpa is supposed 
to be’ a corruption of Catawba, an Indian tribe that formerly occupied a great part of Georgia and 
the Carolinas. : 
Engravings. Schmidt Baum., l. t.14.; the plates in Arb. Brit., Ist edit., vol. vii. ; and our jig.1289. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves cordate, flat, 3in a whorl, large and deciduous. Branches 
strong. Panicles large, branchy, terminal. (Don’s Adil.) A deciduous tree. 
Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, on the banks of rivers. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. 
sometimes 60{t. Introduced in 1726. Flowers white, marked with purple and 
yellow ; July and August. Capsules remarkably long, narrow, and horny. 
The catalpa 1s generally propagated by seeds, which are imported from 
America ; but it will grow readily from cuttings of the root; and, of course, 
plants so raised will flower much sooner than those which are raised from seed.: 
The tree is of rapid growth till it attains the height of 20ft., which, in deep 
free soil, in the neighbourhood of London, it does in 10 years. 
Orver LIII.. SOLANA‘CEAS 
ORD. Cuan. Calyx 5-cleft, persistent. Corolla 5-cleft, usually regular ; zestiva- 
tion imbricate or plicate. Stamens 5, rarely 4, epipetalous.. Style 1. Fruit 
2—4-celled, capsular or baccate. Albumen fleshy. Regular flowers, arched 
or spiral embryo, plicate zstivation of corolla, and equal stamens, distinguish 
this order from its allies. (G. Don.) 
Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous or sub-evergreen ; oblong, 
and sometimes pinnately divided. Flowers solitary or numerous. — Shrubs, 
deciduous or sub-evergreen; natives of Europe, Asia, and South America; 
readily propagated by cuttings in any common soil, not over moist. 
The few ligneous or suffruticose hardy plants contained in this order are 
included in the genera Solanum, Lycium, and Crabéwskia, which are thus 
characterised : —- 
Sota‘Num Pliny. Anthers connivent, dehiscing by pores at the anex. Berry 
2-celled, rarely 4-celled. 
Ly’crum LZ. Anthers usually exserted, and not connivent, opening length- 
wise. Berry 2-celled. 
Craso’wskr4 Schlecht. Drupe containing two 2-celled bony carpels. Cells 
1-seeded. 
Genus I. 
ZL) 
SOLA'NUM Tourn. Tue Nicursuape. Lin. Syst. Pentandria Monogfnia, 
Identification. Tourn. Inst., p. 149. t. 62.; Lin. Gen., No. 251.; Don’s Mill., 4. p. 400. 
Synonymes. Melcngéna Tourn, Inst. p. 151. t. 65.3; Psetdo-Capsicum Mench Meth. p. 476. ; 
Nyctérium Vent. Jard. Malm. p. 85.3 Aquartza Jacq. Amer. p. 15. t. 12. ; Morelle, Fr.; Nacht- 
schatten, Ger. ; Solano, Ital, Ad Lake 
Derivation. The first use of the word Solanum occurs in the writings of Tragus, who applied it to 
Chenopddium hfbridum. It is said to be derived from solavi, to console. The Grecks called our 
European solanums struchnoi, a name which Linnzus transferred to the genus of tropical shrubs, 
Strychnos, to which the nux vomica belongs. 
Gen. Char. §c. Calyx permanent, 5-, rarely 4-, cleft. Corolla rotate, rarely 
campanulate, 5-, rarely 4-, cleft. Anthers oblong, connivent, opening by 2 
pores at the apex. Berry almost globose, 2—3—4-celled, but usually 
2-celled. (Don’s Mill.) oente . ’ 
Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous or sub-evergreen; undi- 
vided, sinuated, lobed, imparipinnate, or decompound, F/owers in peduncles, 
solitary or numerous, simple or multifid, axillary or extra-axillary.— Shrubs, 
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