716 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 
Spec. Char., §c. eaves doubly serrated, rough. Flowers nearly sessile, 4-cleft. 
Samara obicug, deeply cloven, glabrous. (Smith.) A large deciduous tree. 
England, France, and the warmer parts of Europe. Height 60 ft. to 80 ft. 
Flowers bzownish ; March and April. Samara yellow; ripe in May. 
Varieties. 
A. Timber Trees. 
* U. ce 1 vulgaris. U. campéstris Hort. Dur.— Very twiggy; pale 
smooth bark ; of irregular growth in some plants, with almost hori- 
zontal branches, where no others are near to force the shoots up- 
wards, In some soils, it is very subject to decay at the joints. The 
bark is leaden-coloured while young, splitting into long thin strips 
with age. A bad variety to cultivate for timber. 
* U.c. 2 latifolia Hort.— Leaves broader than in the species, and ex- 
panding very early in spring. 
* U.c. 3 alba Masters.— Of upright growth. The old bark cracks in 
irregular long pieces, and becomes very pale with age. Shoots with 
the bark tinged with red, and the footstalks of the leaves quite red. 
Leaves shining, and doubly and deeply serrated, bearing a very near 
resemblance to those of U. effiisa. A valuable timber tree. 
¥ U. c. 4 acutifolia Masters. — Growth, during its early stages, very like 
the last, but stronger. The leaves, in old specimens, more tapering, 
and the branches more pendulous. Bark like the last. This appears 
very common in some parts of Essex, Suffolk, and Norfolk. Also a 
good timber tree. 
¥ U.c. 5 stricta Hort. Dur. Red English Elm.— One of the most 
valuable timber trees of the small-leaved kinds. Growth very rigid. 
The timber is excellent; and the tree forms poles of equal diameter 
throughout. 
¥ U.c. 6 virens Hort. Dur. Kidbrook Elm.— Almost evergreen in a 
mild winter ; and, as such, is the most ornamental tree of the genus. 
Tt must not, however, be depended upon as a timber tree, because, 
in some autumns, the frost kills the shoots. The bark is red, and 
the tree of spreading habit. This, like the last-mentioned kind, 
grows well upon chalk. 
¥ U.c. 7 cornubiénsis Hort. U. stricta Lindl. Synop. p. 227., Lodd. Cat. 
ed. 1836; the Cornish Elm.— An upright-branched tree ; the trunk 
and branches, when young, having a somewhat flexuose appearance, 
which disappears as it grows old. The leaves are small, strongly 
veined, and coriaceous. Branches bright brown, smooth when young, 
and very compact. This variety, in the climate of London, is a 
week or fortnight later in coming into leaf than the common elm, 
from which, and from all the other varieties, it is readily distin- 
guished by the bark of old trees, which never scales off, but tears 
as under, exhibiting its fibrous construction, in the manner of the 
bark of the sweet chestnut. There are many fine trees of this va- 
riety in Kensington Gardens. 
¥ U.c. 8sarniénsis, U. sarniénsis Lodd. Cat. 1836 ; the Jersey Elm.— 
A free-growing variety, differing very little from the species. 
¥ U.c. 9 tortudsa. U. tortudsa Lodd. Cat. 1836; ? Orme tortillard, 
Fr. ; the twisted Elm.—The wood of the tortuous parts of the trunk 
is valuable for the naves of wheels, and is much used for that 
purpose in France. It is the only elm which grows freely by cut- 
tings, and is generally so propagated in the French nurseries. See 
Arb. Brit., ist edit., p. 1379. 
B. Ornamental or curious Trees. 
* UV. ¢. 10 folits variegdtis Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836, — This variety, which 
