720 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 
with that of U. montana major depicted at 
the same season. In spring and summer, it 
is equally marked by the long drooping pe- 
duncles of its flowers, and its hairy samaras. 
Its leaves are large, and of a beautiful light 
shining green tinged with red, and with red 
veins. The buds are long, sharply pointed, 
and greenish ; while in the U. campéstris they 
are short, obtuse, and covered with greyish 
hairs. As a tree of ornament, it is well worth 
cultivating for the beauty of its leaves, for the 
distinct character of its spray in winter, and, 
indeed, for its general appearance at all sea- 
sons. Propagated by grafting on U. montana. 
The largest tree of this species in England is 
at White Knights, in front of the mansion. 1397. U. effsa. 
* 5. U. montana Bauk. The Mountain, Scotch, or Wych, Elm. 
Identification. Bauh. Pin., 427.; Sm. Engl. Bot., t. 1827. 
Synonymes. U. glabra Huds. ed. 1. 95.5 U. effsa Sibth. 87.3 U. scdbra Mill. Dict.. No %., U. 
nada Ehrh.; U. campéstre Willd. Sp. Pl. p. 1324. ; U. campéstris latifolia Hort. Par. ; Wych 
Hazel of old authors. 
Engravings. Engl Bot., t. 1887.; Fl. Dan., t. 632.; the plates of some of the varieties in Arb. 
Brit., ist edit., vol. vii. ; and our fig. 1399. 
Spec. Char., &c. Leaves pointed, rough, broad, and doubly serrated. Flowers 
on longish peduncles loosely tufted, 5—6-cleft. Samara somewhat orbi- 
cular, slightly cloven, naked. Branches drooping at their extremities; 
their bark smooth and even. (Smith.) A spreading deciduous tree, with 
smooth bark. Britain, and various parts of Europe. Height 50 ft. to 
60 ft. Flowers reddish ; April and May. Samara brown ; ripe in June. 
Varieties. The varieties of the Scotch elm are extremely distinct, and very 
handsome trees, some well worth cultivating in a useful, and others in an 
ornamental, point of view. 
A. Timber Trees. 
¥ U. m. 1 vulgaris. — Tree spreading ; seldom exceeding 40 or 50 feet 
in height, except when drawn up by other trees. 
* U. m. 2 rugosa Masters. U. rugosa Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836.— Bark reddish 
brown, cracking into short regular pieces, very like that of A’cer. 
campéstre. Tree of spreading growth, and moderate size. 
+ U. m. 3 major Masters. (Plate in Ard, Brit. 1st edit. vol. vii.) — The 
tree is of upright and rapid growth, with few branches ; and, in 
some stages, approaching the habit of the common Scotch elm, but 
of a more tapering form, The leaves fali almost a month sooner 
than those of the following sort. 
* U.m. 4 minor Masters. — Compared with U. m. major, is of a more 
branching and spreading habit, of lower growth, with more twiggy 
shoots; and these are more densely clothed with leaves, which are 
retained long in the autumn. 
* U. m. 5 cebennénsis Hort. The Cevennes Elm.—Habit spreading, like 
that of U. m. vulgaris; but it appears of much less vigorous growth. 
Horticultural Society’s Garden. 
+ U.m. 6 nigra. U. nigra Lodd, Cat. ; the black Irish Elm.—A spreading 
tree, with the habit of U. montana vulgaris, but with much smaller 
leaves. It is by some considered as a variety of U. campéstris ; but, 
as it ripens seeds in Ireland, we are inclined to think it belongs to 
what may be called the seed-bearing section of the genus, and, con- 
sequently, to U. montana. 
¥ U.m. 7 australis Hort. — Leaves rather smaller, and habit of growth 
more pendulous than the species. 
