LXVI. ULMA‘CEE! U’LMUS. 721 
. 
B. Ornamental or curious Varieties. 
Uz. m. 8 péndula. U. péndula Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 ; U. glabra decim- 
bens Hort. Dur.; U. horizontilis Hort.; U.ribra in the Horticul- 
tural Society’s Garden, in 1835. (Plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 
1598. U. m. péndula. 
Ist edit., vol. vii. ; and our fig. 1398.)—This is a beautiful and highly 
characteristic tree, generally growing to one side, spreading its 
branches in a fan-like manner, and stretching them out sometimes 
horizontally, and at other times almost perpendicularly downwards, 
so that the head of the tree exhibits great variety of shape. 
¥ U. m. 9 fastigiata Hort. U. glabra replicata Hort. Dur.; U. Férdu 
Hort. ; U. exoniénsis Hort. ; the Exeter Elm, Ford’s Elm. (Plate 
in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii.) — A very remarkable variety, with 
peculiarly twisted leaves, and a very fastigiate habit of growth. The 
leaves, which are very harsh, feather-nerved, and retain their deep 
green till they fall off, enfold one side of the shoots. 
¥ U.m. 10 crispa. ? U. crispa Willd.; the curled-leaved Elm.— Of a 
slender and stunted habit of growth. Horticultural Society’s Garden. 
Other Varieties. Several might be taken from catalogues, both timber 
trees and curious plants ; but the former, such as U. montana végeta Lindl., 
we think may be best classed under U. m. glabra, and the latter are of so 
little merit, that we hardly think them worth recording in this work. A 
variety or variation was discovered in a wood near Verriéres, in which the 
soft wood, or cambium, of the current year’s shoots appears of a deep red 
when the bark is removed. It retains this peculiarity when propagated by 
extension ; and there are plants of it in the Jardin des Plantes at Paris. 
A similar variation occurs in Morus italica. (See p. 708.) A 
The Scotch elm has not so upright a trunk as the English elm; and it soon 
divides into long, widely spreading, somewhat drooping branches, forming a 
large spreading tree. In Scotland, where the tree abounds, both naturally 
and in artificial plantations, the wood weighs less than that of the English elm, 
and is more coarse-grained. Nevertheless, Sang observes, it is always prized 
next to the wood of the oak. It is used, he adds, by the ship-builder, the 
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