722 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 
boat-builder, the block and pump maker, the cartwright, the cabinet-maker 
and the coach-maker. The timber, Matthews observes, has much sap-wood, 
and great longitudinal toughness ; but, from the great quantity of sap-wood, 
and want of lateral adhesion, it splits considerably when dry, The tree has 
a peculiar fan-like spread of the branches, often tending to one side, and 
most perceptible in young trees. Hence, when grown up, there is ge- 
nerally a slight bending in the stem, 
which renders it very fitting for floor- 
timbers of vessels; the only part of a 
ship, except the bottom plank, to which 
it is applicable, as it soon decays above 
water. Its great toughness and strength, 
however, render it fit for floors. Thesoil in 
which this elm most luxuriates is a deep 
rich loam; but that in which it becomes 
most valuable, is a sandy loam lying on 
rubble stone, or on dry rock. In wet tilly 
clays, it soon sickens. It does not produce 
suckers like the English elm; but, accord- 
ing to Boutcher, it roots more readily from 
layers than that species. The most ready 
mode of propagatingit, however, isby seeds, 
which are produced in great abundance, and 
are ripe about the middle of June. They 
ought to be gathered with the hand before 
they drop, as, from their lightness and winged appendages, they are very apt 
to be blown away by the wind. The seeds may either be sown as soon as 
gathered, in which case, many plants will come up the same season; or they 
may be thinly spread out to dry in the shade, and afterwards put up into bags 
or boxes, and kept in a dry place till the following March or April. 
1399, U. montana. 
* 6. U. (m.) cLa’pra Mill, The smooth-leaved, or Wych, Elm. 
Identification. Mill. Dict., ed. 8., No. 4. ; Sm. Engl. Fl., 2. p. 23. 
Synonymes. U.montana B Fl. Br, 282.3; U. folio glabro Ger. EHmac. 1481. f.; U. campéstris var. 
3. With. 279. ; the feathered Elm. 
Engravings. Engl. Bot., t. 2248. ; and our jig. 1400. 
Spec. Char, $c Leaves elliptic-oblong, doubly 
serrated, smooth. Flowers nearly sessile, 5-cleft. 
Samara obovate, naked, deeply cloven. (Smith.) 
Branches spreading, rather drooping, smooth, 
blackish, scarcely downy in their earliest stage of 
growth. Leaves smaller than any of the preced- 
ing (except U. campéstris), as well as more 
oblong; strongly serrated, very unequal at the 
base, not elongated at the extremity ; their sub- 
stance firm, or rather rigid; the surface of both 
sides very smooth to the touch, and without any 
hairs beneath, except the axillary pubescence of 
the ribs, which often forms a narrow downy line 
along the midrib. Flowers nearly sessile, with 5 
short, bluntish, fringed segments, and as many 
longish stamens, the anthers of which are round- 
ish heart-shaped. Samara smaller than most other 
species, obovate, cloven down to the seed, smooth, 
often reddish. A tall, elegant, deciduous tree. 
Britain, chiefly in England, in woods and hedges ; 
and forming the most common elm in some parts of Essex. Height 60 ft. 
to 80 ft. Flowers and samara as in the preceding sort. 
It bears seeds in nearly as great abundance as U. montana, and it does not 
1400. U. (m.) glabra. 
