726 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 
€ 1, P. Ricna’rpr Michx. MRichard’s Planera, or Zelkoua Tree. 
Identification, Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 248. ; Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. Suppl., 1. p. 187. 
Synonymes. P. crenata Miche. Mém. sur le Zetkoua; P. carpinifolia Wats. Dend. Brit. t. 106. , 
P. crenata Desf.; Rhamnus carpinifdlius Pall. Fl. Ross. ; R. ulméides Gildenst. It. 1. p. 318. and 
497. ; U’lmus crenata Hort. Par.; U. parvifdlia Willd. Baum.; U. campéstris Walt. Ft. Carol. 
p.iii.; U. pol¥gama Richard Act. Paris 1781; U.nemordlis Ait. Hort. Kew, ed. 2. p. 108.5 U. 
foliis crenatis basi zqualibus, fructu ovoideo, non compresso, Pozret Encyc. Méth. iv. p. 611.3 le 
Zelkoua, or Orme de Sibérie, Fy. ; Richard’s Planere, Ger. . 
Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., I. t. 60.; Dend. Brit., t. 106. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., lst 
edit., vol. vii.; and our jfig. 1404. 
. 
Spec. Char., §c. Flowers solitary in the axils of leaves ; and both flowers 
and leaves borne on a shoot that is developed in the same year with them- 
selves. Petiole of leaf not obvious ; disk of leaf elliptical, unequal at the 
base, dentate. (NV. Du Ham.) A large deciduous tree. West of Asia, and 
upon the shores of the Caspian Sea ; and to Imiretta and Georgia, on the 
south of Mount Caucasus. Height 50 ft. to 70ft. Introduced in 1760. 
Flowers greenish white; April and May. Fruit white ; ripe in October. 
The base of the trunk does not swell out, like that of most other trees, 
its thickness being very little greater at the surface of the ground than it is at 
the point of ramification. Like that of the hornbeam, it is marked with 
longitudinal furrows, like open gutters. The 
head is large, tufted, and very much branched ; 
but the branches, though widely extended, are 
moreslender, and more vertical in their direction, 
than is generally the case with forest trees. 
The bark of the trunk is not grey and cracked, 
like that of the elm or the oak, but resembles 
rather that of the hornbeam or beech. In British 
gardens, the rate of growth of this tree is 
similar to that of the beech or common horn- 
beam; it attaining the height of 20 ft. in 10 
years. The wood, when cut obliquely, re- 
sembles that’of the robinia, and presents, like 
it, numerous interlacements of fibres. It is 
very heavy, and, when dry, becomes so ex- 
tremely hard, that it is difficult to drive nails 
into it with a hammer. In the countries where 
it is abundant, it is employed for the same 
purposes as oak ; 
and it is found 
to be even superior to that wood for furniture. 
Tis colour is agreeable ; it is finely veined ; and 
its texture is so compact, and its grain so fine, 
as to render it susceptible of the highest polish. 
1404. P. Richardi. 
¥ 2. P. Gwe‘Linz Michx. Gmelin’s Planera. 
Identification. Michx. F1. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 248.; Desf. Hist. 
des Arbres et Arbriss., 2. p. 446. 
Synonymes. P. ulmifolia Miche. Arb. Amer. 3. p. 283. t. 7.3 
P. aquatica Willd. Sp. Pl. 4. p. 967.; Amonymus aquaticus 
arbor, &c. Walt. Carol. 230. 
Engravings. Michx. Arb. Amer., t.7.; North Amer. Sylva, 
ae 130. ; Du Ham. Arb., ed. nov., 7. t. 21.; and our jig. 
Spec. Char., Sc. Flowers in heads, opening 
before the leaves are protruded, and borne 
on branches or branchlets, developed in some 
previous year. Leaf with an obvious petiole, 
and a disk ovate-acuminate, equal at the base, 
and serrate. A deciduous shrub or low 
tree. Kentucky, Tennessee, and the banks / 
of the Mississippi. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft, 1405. P. Gmdlini, 
