734 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 
The species is propagated by the nut; which, when the tree is to be grown 
chiefly for its timber, is best sown where it is finally to remain, on account of 
the taproot, which will thus have its full influence on the vigour and prosperity 
of the tree. Where the tree is to be grown for fruit on dry soils, or in rocky. 
situations, it ought also to be sown where it is finally to remain, for the same 
reasons. In soils on moist or other- 
wise unfavourable subsoils, if sown 
where it is finally to remain, a tile, 
slate, or flat stone, should be placed 
under the nut at the depth of 3 or 
4 inches, in order to give the taproot a 
horizontal direction ; or, if this pre- 
caution has been neglected, after the 
plants have come up, the taproot 
may be cut through with aspade 6 or 
8inches below the nut, as is sometimes 
practised in nurserjes with young 
plants of the horsechestnut, sweet 
chestnut, walnut, and oak. On the 
other hand, when the walnut is planted 
in soil which hasa dry or rocky subsoil, 
or among rocks, no precaution of this 
sort is necessary : on the contrary, it 
would be injurious, by preventing the 
taproot from descending, and deriving 
that nourishment from the subsoil 
which, from the nature of the surface yy 
soil, it could not there obtain. The ; 1416, J. regia. 
varleties may be propagated by bud- , 
ding, grafting, inarching, or layering, in common soil. The walnut tree attains 
the largest size in a deep loamy soil, dry rather than moist; but the fruit 
has the best flavour, and produces most oil, when the tree is grown in cal- 
careous soils, or among calcareous rocks : in a wet-bottomed soil, whatever 
may be the character of the surface, it will not thrive. 
¥ 2. J.nrera L. The black-wooded Walnut Tree. 
Identification. Lin. Wort. Cliff., p. 449. ; Willd. Sp. Pl., 4p. 456.; Pursh Sept., 2. p. 636. 
Synonymes. The black Walnut, the black Hickory Nut, N. Amer.; Noyer noir, Fr.; Noce nera, 
tal, 
Engravings. Michx. Arb., 1. 
t.1.3; Michx. North Amer. 
Sylva, t. 30.; Dend. Brit., t. 
158.; the plate of this tree in 
Arb. Brit., Ist edit., vol. vii. ; 
and our jig. 1417. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaflets, 
in a leaf, 13—17; cor- 
date-acuminate, une- 
qual at the base, ser- 
rated, and somewhat 
downy ; lateral ones 
upen short petiolules. 
Fruit globose, roughish 
with minute prominent 
points, situated upon a 
short inflexible pedun- 
cle. Nut globose, some- 
what compressed at the 
sides, ridged and fur- 
rowed. (Michr.) <A 
large deciduous tree. 1417. J. nigra 
