7AG ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 
tough rods are required. Various other sorts might be mentioned ; but these 
we consider as by far the most valuable. : 
As gardenesque objects, all the shrubby species of willow, as well as the 
trees, will have most effect when trained to a single stem, if only to the height 
of 2 or 3feet. This alone gives them the character of art. All the trailing 
sorts, such as S. herbacea, S. reticulata, &c., to be truly gardenesque, ought 
to be grafted standard high for the same reason. For picturesque decoration 
in artificial scenery, all the upright shrubby and tree willows may be scat- 
tered or grouped along the margin of water ; and all the creeping or trailing 
kinds placed on rockwork, and left to take their natural shapes. Such species 
of willow as S. pentandra, §. licida, and one or two others, from having little 
of the aspect common to the willow family, and, consequently, their forms not 
being associated with the idea of moist soil or water, may be placed near a 
house, or in a shrubbery or flower-garden, on account of their fragrance and 
early blossoms; but this cannot be recommended with respect to willows in 
general, which, whether as shrubs or trees, always convey the idea of the 
vicinity of water or of marshy ground. 
The great master in the genus Salix, considered in a botanical point of view, 
is Professor Koch ; but, in the present state of our knowledge of this genus 
in Britain, we have deemed it best to follow Mr. Borrer, whose groups have 
been adopted by Sir W. J. Hooker, and almost all other British botanists. 
Those who wish to study Koch’s arrangement will find it given at length in 
the Ard. Brit., 1st edit., p. 1486. and 1633., in which is also given the arrange- 
ment of Hooker. Our descriptions in this abridgement are necessarily exceed- 
ingly brief, and we must, therefore, refer the reader who wishes to enter into 
the subject at length to our Ist edition, in which p. 1453. to p. 1636. are occu- 
pied with the genus Salix. In the present edition, through the kindness of 
Mr. Borrer, we have indicated the principal species which represent each 
group, immediately after the characteristic feature of that group. 
Group i. Purpuree Koch, Borrer. 
Monandre is the name adopted for this group in Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3.; but Mr. Borrer considers 
Purpirez preferable, because it is taken, like the name of each of the other groups in this arrange- 
ment, from the name of a species included in that group. Purpirez, too, is the name given by 
Koch to the same group. 
Osier Willows, with one Stamen in a Flower. The principal species. according 
to Mr. Borrer, are 1. 4. and 6. 
‘alle 
Filament J, bearing an anther of 4 lobes and 4 cells ; or, in S. riibra, forked, 
and each branch bearing an anther of 2 lobes and 2 cells. Germen sessile. 
Catkins very compact.— Trees of low stature, or shrubs with twiggy 
branches, and leaves that are more or less lanceolate, and serrated, and often 
broader upwards. Interior part of the bark, in most, yellow, and very bitter 
(Hook. Br. Fl.) The leaves of nearly all of the kinds of this group turn 
black in drying. The inner bark of most of the kinds included in this group 
is extremely bitter, which renders the plants suitable for banks of rivers, 
and other places which are infested by rats, as the bitterness prevents these 
animals from eating it. 
% 1, S.purpu‘rea L. The purple Willow. 
Identification. Lin. Sp. Pl., 1444. 3, Eng. Fl, 4. p. 187.; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 417. 
The Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Eng. Bot., and are in cultivation in some English collections, 
Synonyme, §. purpirea Kock Comm. p. 25. 
Engravings, Eng. Bot., t. 1318. ; Hayne Abbild., t. 169. ; our Jig. 1433. ; and fig 1. in p. 791. 
