LXVIII. SALICA'CE : SALIX. 761 
Fhe branches are long, straight, and slender, not angular in their insertion 
«ke those of S, fragilis ; and the trees of both species, when stripped of 
their leaves, may be distinguished respectively by these marks, The cele- 
brated willow at Lichfield, called Johnson’s Willow, of which two portraits 
are given in our first edition, together with the history of the tree, was 
of this species. 
¥ 25. S. Pursaza‘va Borrer, Pursh’s Willow, is described in our first 
edition, p. 1522. 
Group vi. A’ibe Borrer. 
Trees of the largest Size, with the Foliage whitish. Prin. sp. 26, and 27. 
lll! 
Stamens 2 to a flower. Ovary glabrous. Flowers loosely disposed in the 
catkin. Leaves lanceolate, serrated with glanded serratures ; hairy, espe- 
cially while young, with appressed silky hairs, which give to the foliage a 
light or whitish hue. — Plants trees of considerable height. (Hovk.) 
¥ 26. S.a’LBa L. The whitish-leaved, or common white, Willow. 
Identification. Lin. Sp. Pl., 1449.; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 231. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. 
Synonymes. _S. alba, part of, Koch Comm. p. 16.; the Huntingdon, or Swallow-tailed, Willow. 
The Sexes. Both are described in Eng. Fl., and both figured in Eng. Bot. 
Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2430.; Host Sal. Aust., 1. t. 32, 33.; the plates of this tree in Arb. 
Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii.; and our figs. 1446, 1447. 
Spee. Char., §c. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, pointed, serrated, silky on both 
sides ; the lowest serratures glandular. Stamens hairy. Germen smooth, 
almost sessile. Stigmas deeply cloven. Scales notched. (Smith.) A 
large tree. Norway and Sweden, to the Mediterranean Sea ; North-East 
and West of Asia; and introduced into the United States. Frequent in 
Britain, and also in Ireland. Height 50 ft. to 80 ft. Flowers yellow; May. 
Varieties. 
¥ S. a. 2 cerilea. S, alba var. Smith Fl. Brit. p.1072.; S. certlea 
Smith Eng. Bot. t.2431.; S. alba 6 Smith Eng. Fl. iv. p.231.; the 
upland, or red-tinged, Willow, Pontey Profit. Planter, 4th ed., 1814, 
p. 72.; the Leicester Willow, Davy’s Agricultural Chemistry, 1st ed.; 
Blue Willow, Smith ; and our fig. 137. in p. 817. 
¥ S.u. 3 crispa Hort.— Leaves narrow, contorted and silky. 
¥ S. a. 4 résea Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836.— Aspect reddish. 
In the North of Europe, the bark of this tree is used for tanning leather, 
and for dyeing yarn of a cinnamon colour ; and the leaves and young shoots are 
given to cattle in a green state, or dried like the twigs of the 
birch, and laid up for winter fodder. The inner bark, like that of 
Scotch pine, being kiln-dried, and ground into a fine flour, is 
mixed with oatmeal, and made into bread, in seasons of great 4 
scarcity, by the inhabitants of Norway and Kamtschatka. The 
branches of the tree are used as stakes, poles, handles to 
rakes, hoes, and other implements, and as faggot-wood for fuel. 
The timber of the trunk is used for various purposes. It 
weighs, in a green state, 70]b. 9 oz. per cubic foot ; balf-dry, 
51 Ib. 1402. ; and quite dry, 32 lb. 12 0z.; so as to lose more than 
one half of its weight by drying, during which it loses a sixteenth 
part of its bulk. It is found an excellent lining for stone-carts, 
barrows, &c. Itis used in turnery, millwork, coopery, weather- 
boarding, &c. ; and the stronger shoots and poles serve for making hoops, han- 
dles to hay-rakes, clothes-props (see fig. 169. Encyc. of Cott. Arch.), and various 
other instruments and implements ; and the twigs are employed in wicker- 
work. The bark, which is thick and full of cracks, is in nearly as great repute 
1446. S. dba. 
