LXX. CORYLA‘CE. 845 
pointed, smooth, dotted beneath; leaf-stalks and twigs quite smooth ; ripe 
catkins very long, pendulous, cylindrical, crowded; the rachis, and the 
bracteas, which are auricled at the base, downy. Found on many of the 
mountains of Nepal, and in the great valley of that country, following the 
course of rivers, The fiowers and fruit are produced from December to 
April. It forms a very large and noble tree, from 50 ft. to 60 ft. high, of an 
oval shape, being covered with branches from its base. The wood is stated 
by Dr. Wallich to be greatly esteemed by the inhabitants, who employ it for 
all sorts of purposes where strength and durability are required. (Wall. Pl. 
As. Rar., t. 109.) Doubtless as hardy as the preceding species. 
B. nitida. The shining Birch. Leaves oblong, taper-pointed, with fine 
double serratures, the twigs and leaf-stalks hairy. Femaie catkins pendulous, 
cylindrical, crowded. Bracts three-lobed, hairy, with the lengthened middle 
lobe longer than the fruit. A tree, found in Kamaon. 
B. cylindrostachya, Leaves oblong, taper-pointed, heart-shaped, with fine 
double serratures ; twigs, leaf-stalks, and veins downy; female catkins pen- 
dulous, very long, cylindrical ; fruit deeply two-lobed ; bracts linear lanceolate, 
blunt, membranous, with two teeth at the base, fringed with hairs. A tree, 
found in Kamaon. Most probably hardy, and, like the preceding species, ir 
not already introduced it will very soon be so. 
Orver LXX. CORYLA'‘CEA, orn CUPULI/FERA. 
Orv. CHAR. Flowers unisexual.— Male flowers disposed in cylindrical catkins. 
Perianth small, scale-formed. Filaments usually free—emale flower. In- 
volucrum various, 1- or many-flowered. Perianth many-toothed, adhering 
to the ovarium. Ovarium 1- or many-celled, containing many ovula. 
Styles 2—3, or multiplied. Stigmas distinct. The involucrum, after flores- 
cence, becoming enlarged, and enclosing, in part or altogether, the pericarps 
which are either solitary or many together. Acorns, or nuts, 1-celled, 1- 
seeded, by abortion. Seed pendulous. Albumen none. (G. Don.) 
Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous or evergreen; lobed, 
serrated, or entire. FVowers in catkins, bracteate, sometimes pedunculate.— 
Large trees, deciduous and evergreen ; natives of the temperate regions of 
every part of the world. 
The hardy ligneous genera belonging to this order are six, which are thus 
contradistinguished : — 
Que’rcus Lin. Monecious. — Male flowers in loose pendulous catkins. Sta- 
mens 5—10, — Female flowers within an involucrum, which is composed of 
numerous imbricate scales combined into a cup, which at length surrounds 
the acorn at the base. 
Fa‘eus Tourn. Monecious.—Male flowers in dense pendulous catkins. Stamens 
8. — Female flowers 2, within a 4-lobed involucrum, which at length encloses 
the triangular nut echinated with soft spurs outside. 
Castanea Yourn. Polygamous. — Male flowers clustered in long cylindrical 
catkins. Stamens 5—20. Hermaphrodite flowers about 3 within an involu- 
crum, which is covered outside with branchy spines, and at length encloses 
aroundish nut. Stamens 12. Stigmas penciled. 
Ca‘rpinus Tourn. Monecious. — Male flowers in long cylindrical catkins 
having the scales ciliated at their bases. Stamens 8—]4,—Female flowers 
in loose strobiles or cones, each composed of a 3-lobed, 2-flowered, scale- 
formed involucrum. Stigmas2. Nut bony at the base of the scale. 
O’strys Michr. Moncecious. — Male flowers in long cylindrical catkins, 
each flower consisting of a scale and a branched filament. — Female flowers 
in strobiles, each composed of a scale-formed imbricated involucrum. 
Stigmas 2. Nut bony, at the base of the scale. 
Co’ryLus Lin. Monecious. — Male flowers in long cylindrical catkins, which 
are composed of 3-lobed deltoid scales. Stamens 8. Anthers 1-celled.— 
