852 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 
names, the stone oak; the common oak, the late oak, in allusion to its lateness in leafing ; the 
winter oak, from its frequently keeping on its leaves during winter; dry oak, probably from the 
leaves remaining on the tree after they have become dry and withered; red oak, from the colour 
of its wood ; and hill oak, from its being more abundant on hilly ground than the Q. pedunculata. 
Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1845.; N. Du Ham., 7. t.52.; Willd, Abbild., t. 130. ; the plate of this 
tree in Arb. Brit., lst edit., vol. vii. ; and our jig. 1545. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves on longish footstalks, deciduous, oblong, smooth; 
sinuses opposite, rather acute ; lobes obtuse. Fruit sessile. Nut oblong. 
(Smith.) Leaves, when young, pubescent beneath. (Willd.) A large decidu- 
ous tree, readily distinguished from the preceding species, even at a distance, 
by the less tufted appearance, and generally paler green, of its foliage during 
summer ; and, in winter, by its less tortuous spray and branches, by its 
lighter-coloured bark, by its larger buds, and by its frequently retaining its 
leaves, after they have withered, till the following spring. 
Varieties, : 
 £Q.s. 2 pubéscens. Q.s. var. B Smith Eng. Fi. vol. iv. p. 150. ; Q: pu- 
béscens Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. p.450. ; Q. R.lanugindsum Lam. Dict. i. 
p. 717.; the Durmast, Mart. Fl. Rust. t. 12.— Leaves downy be- 
neath. Fruit sessile, but sometimes subsessile. 
¥ Q. 8.3 macrocérpa. Q. Robur ma- 
crocarpum Booth. (Our jig. 
1546.) — Fruit large. Lodd. 
i 
1546. Q. 8. macrucdrpa. 1547. Q.s. falkenbergénsis. 
¥Q. s. 4 falkenbergénsis. Q. falkenbergénsis Booth, Forbes Hort. 
Tour p.5., and Ard. Brit. 1st edit. p.1926. (Our jig. 1547.)—Leaves 
small and serrated. Fruit small. Plant stunted. Found on the hills 
of Falkenberg by Mr. Booth in 1832, and introduced in 1837. 
# Q.s. 5 australis, Q.? australis Link in Spreng. Syst. Quer. No. 59., 
and Ard. Brit, st edit. p. 1925, (Our jig. 1548.) — Leaves large, 
regularly lobed, and evergreen or sub-evergreen. Introduced by 
Capt. 8. E, Cook (now Widderington) in 1835, and possibly a dis- 
tinct species, but we think not. Horticultural Society’s Garden. 
Other Varieties are mentioned by Bosc and some French authors, and in 
the Gardener’s Magazine, vol. xii p.571., and Arb. Brit., Ist edit., p. 1737., 
fifteen are described as having been found by the Rev. W. T. Bree in War- 
wickshire, in the district called the Forest of Arden. 
Quércus sessilifldra is generally the only British oak found in poor soil ; 
for example, on the high grounds on the south bank of the Thames between 
Greenwich and Gravesend. On the poor soils of the north and middle of 
France, it is the only oak which is indigenous. The oaks of the Bois de 
Boulogne are entirely of this species ; as are those in the woods of Meudon, 
and throughout the whole of the extensive Forest of Fontainebleau. In 
Britain it is also frequently found in rich soil, with or without Q. peduncu- 
lata ; but the latter species is never found indigenous on soils so poor as those 
in which Q. sessilifléra is found. (See our first edition.) 3 
