LXX. CORYLA‘CEE: QUE’RCUS. 855 
Derivation. The specific appellation Haliphlcos was epplied by Pliny to an oak with very bitter 
acotns: but it may be derived from halis, enough, and phdoios, bark : in reference to the tendency 
to corkiness in the bark. The Iron Oak alludes to the weight of its wood, which is much heavier 
than that of the common oak. The term Wainscot Oak refers to its suitableness for lining the 
walls of rooms, from the Dutch words, ward, a wall; and schkorien, to suspend. 
Engravings. N. Du Ham,, 7. t. 57.; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., lst edit., vol. vii. ; and 
our figs. 1552. and 1553. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves on very short 
stalks, oblong, deeply and unequally 
pinnatifid ; hairy beneath ; lobes lanceo- 
late, acute, somewhat angular. Stipules 
longer than the footstalks. Calyx of the 
fruit hemispherical, bristly. (Simith.) A 
large deciduous tree, attaining the same 
1552. Q. Cérris. 
height as the British oak, but of much 
more rapid and vigorous growth. France, 
Ttaly, Spain, Austria, and the Levant, 
Introduced in 1735. Flowers greenish 
white; April. Acorns brown; ripe in 
October of the second year, and some- 
times in the autumn of the first year. 
1553. Q. Cérris. 
Varieties. There is a great tendency in this species to sport.; so that 
many varieties may be selected from every bed of seedlings. It also ap- 
pears to hybridise with facility, especially with Q. Siber; and from this 
cross the numerous race of varieties known as the Lucombe or Exeter 
oaks, the Fulham oaks, and the Ragnal oaks have been raised. There are 
also some varieties of Q. Cérris which appear to owe their origin to geo- 
graphical circumstances ; such as Q. C. austriaca, and Q. C. crinita. The 
varieties cultivated in British nurseries may, for practical purposes, be ar- 
ranged as deciduous, sub-evergreen, and evergreen. 
* Foliage deciduous. 
a. Leaves pinnatifid or sinuated. Cups of the Acorns mossy. 
* Q.C.1 vulgaris, Q. C. fronddsa Mill. Dict. ed. 5. (see fig. 1552., 
and the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., Ist edit., vol. vii.) — 
Leaves pinnatifidly sinuated, and the cups covered with soft moss. 
Of this variety there is an endless number of subvarieties. Fig. 
1552. may be considered as the normal form: fig. 1554. has the 
leaves more deeply sinuated : JE. 1553. is from a specimen cf great 
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